2024: A Year in Irish Agriculture
Introduction
As we approach the end of 2024, it’s a time to look back at the year that was—a year of challenges, change, and opportunity for Irish agriculture. This year brought everything from extreme weather and economic shifts to exciting innovations and global developments that rippled across our fields and farms. Farmers faced unpredictable seasons, navigated a complex economic landscape, and responded to growing calls for sustainability, all while continuing to feed the nation and contribute to the global food system.
It was also a year where technology played a transformative role, offering new tools to tackle old problems. From the impact of international trade agreements to the community spirit seen at local events, 2024 proved that Irish agriculture is as resilient as ever, ready to adapt and grow in a rapidly changing world. Here’s a brief look at how 2024 unfolded for Irish farmers.
Weather Challenges Impacting Production
The year got off to a challenging start with delayed grazing seasons and poor grass growth in spring. These tough conditions set the tone for the months ahead, impacting milk yields, livestock weight gains, and crop production. Grass-fed cattle and sheep saw an 8% reduction in average weight gains, while milk production dipped by 3% compared to 2023.
For tillage farmers, the story was much the same. Around a quarter of cereal crops had to be switched from winter to spring varieties because of adverse planting conditions, with yields ultimately falling 12% below long-term averages. Despite these setbacks, Irish farmers showed incredible resilience, adapting where they could to make the most of the season.
Economic Shifts: Rising Costs and Adjustments
While weather brought physical challenges, the economic landscape added financial ones. Fertiliser and feed prices eased slightly in 2024, falling by 15% and 10% respectively, but inflation and high energy costs still weighed heavily on farmers. Transport and production costs rose by an estimated 7%, driven by global oil price increases.
Despite these pressures, the total value of Irish agricultural output rose to €9.6 billion—a modest 2% increase on 2023. Improved efficiency and strong global demand for dairy products were key drivers of this growth, even as other sectors felt the squeeze.
Global Events That Shaped Irish Agriculture
In 2024, global events made their presence felt in Ireland’s farming sector. From trade deals to climate change, our interconnected world brought both challenges and opportunities:
The EU-Mercosur Trade Deal
This year saw the finalisation of the EU-Mercosur trade agreement, sparking widespread concern among Irish farmers. With cheaper South American beef now flowing into the European market, many feared for the future of Irish beef production. After all, how can Irish farmers compete when South American producers don’t have to meet the same environmental and welfare standards?
The Irish Farmers’ Association (IFA) estimated that the deal could threaten thousands of farm livelihoods, prompting calls for government action. The EU responded with a €4 billion support package, but for many, the uncertainty remains.
Climate Chaos and Changing Markets
Extreme weather events worldwide also shaped global agricultural markets in ways that impacted Ireland. Severe droughts in southern Europe wiped out crops, driving a 12% increase in demand for Irish-grown fruits and vegetables. At the same time, devastating floods in Southeast Asia disrupted rice supplies, raising important questions about Ireland’s role in food security and our potential to provide alternative staples like potatoes.
Global Sustainability Goals
The global focus on sustainability reached new heights in 2024. At COP29 in Baku, Ireland committed to cutting agricultural emissions by 25% by 2030, a challenging but essential target. On the home front, the government launched a €250 million green transition fund to help farmers adopt more sustainable practices, from renewable energy solutions to methane-reducing feed additives.
Environmental Sustainability: Progress and Pressure
Closer to home, environmental concerns continued to dominate discussions around Irish agriculture. Agriculture remains Ireland’s single largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 37% of total emissions in 2024. That’s a slight improvement from 2023, thanks to the adoption of methane-reduction technologies, but it’s clear there’s still a long way to go.
The EU’s scrutiny over Ireland’s compliance with Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) funding requirements added to the pressure. Falling short on emissions reduction targets could lead to a €75 million cut in subsidies, underscoring the need for faster progress on sustainability.
Innovation Driving Change
Amidst the challenges, innovation shone as a beacon of hope, offering Irish farmers the tools and technologies to not only adapt but thrive in a rapidly evolving sector. The drive to modernise wasn’t just about staying competitive; it was about ensuring that farming could be sustainable, efficient, and environmentally responsible for future generations. This year, notable advancements and adoptions included:
Over 1,000 dairy farms installed solar panels, significantly cutting energy costs by an average of 20% while reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. Many farmers also reported that surplus energy was being redirected back into the grid, showcasing the potential of farms as contributors to renewable energy solutions.
Precision agriculture tools, including GPS-guided machinery and drone-based crop monitoring systems, were adopted by 12% of farms. These technologies enabled farmers to identify soil issues, manage resources more efficiently, and increase yields while minimising waste.
Methane-reducing feed additives,first developed in New Zealand—became widely available across Ireland, with early adopters seeing a potential 30% reduction in livestock emissions. Farmers have also noted improvements in animal health and productivity, further underscoring the benefits of these innovations.
These developments reflect a sector that is embracing change, with farmers leading the charge towards a greener, smarter, and more sustainable future.
Community and Cultural Highlights
2024 was also a year of celebration and connection, highlighting the rich traditions and strong community spirit at the heart of Irish agriculture. The National Ploughing Championships returned to Co Laois, drawing a record-breaking crowd of 300,000 visitors, thanks in part to the unseasonably sunny September weather. This iconic event, a staple of rural life, offered something for everyone—from competitive ploughing that showcased remarkable skill to lively trade stands buzzing with activity.
With over 1,700 exhibitors on site, the Championships became a hub for innovation and tradition alike. Exhibits ranged from sustainable farming solutions and renewable energy demonstrations to cutting-edge agri-tech advancements, reflecting the dynamic and evolving nature of modern agriculture. Alongside the innovation, the event celebrated heritage, with craft stalls, local food producers, and live music creating a festival atmosphere.
For many, the Ploughing Championships were more than just an event—they were a chance to reconnect with neighbours, network with peers, and feel a renewed sense of pride in the farming community. It stood as a testament to the strength, vibrancy, and resilience of Ireland’s agricultural sector and its vital role in shaping the country’s identity.
Conclusion
Reflecting on 2024, one thing is clear: Irish agriculture is at the heart of a rapidly changing world. Whether it’s global trade deals reshaping markets, climate events disrupting supply chains, or innovations offering new ways to farm, our sector is more connected than ever to the challenges and opportunities of the wider world.
Through it all, Ireland’s farmers have proven their resilience and adaptability. As we look ahead to 2025, let’s carry forward the lessons of this year and continue striving for a future where Irish agriculture is not just sustainable, but thriving.
*By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.