Blog

<h3>Introduction</h3>Europe’s large carnivores are making a stunning comeback, a true success story for conservation. Brown bears, wolves, lynx, and even the elusive wolverine are reclaiming their place in the wild, a testament to decades of hard work protecting these species. But while their return is great news for biodiversity, it’s creating real challenges, especially for rural communities who now find themselves living alongside these powerful predators once again.For wildlife lovers, this resurgence is something to celebrate. But for farmers and shepherds, it’s a different story. Losing livestock to predators can mean financial strain, emotional distress, and deep frustration. So, the big question is: how can we find a way for people and predators to coexist?<figure id="figure-0p1oxvtvqm7hyd84u"><img id="0p1oxvtvqm7hyd84u" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/3bMQ1MB8SvfCYzhDzHzSK0jWeSotgcBM8sMUYYwyvRMwKzxcfSTHNhDZd64hxQpw.jpeg" alt="Wolverine (Gulo gulo) in a forest in Northern Finland" title="Wolverine (Gulo gulo) in a forest in Northern Finland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/3bMQ1MB8SvfCYzhDzHzSK0jWeSotgcBM8sMUYYwyvRMwKzxcfSTHNhDZd64hxQpw.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>A Remarkable Recovery</h3> It wasn’t so long ago that Europe’s top predators were on the brink of extinction. Hunting, habitat destruction, and human expansion had driven them out of many parts of the continent. But thanks to stricter legal protections, habitat restoration, and rewilding efforts, they are returning in significant numbers.Since 2016, the brown bear population has risen by 17%, bringing their total to around 20,500 across Europe. Wolves, once eradicated from vast areas, have increased by 35% and now number around 23,000. Perhaps the most dramatic success is the Iberian lynx. Once the world’s most endangered wild cat, with fewer than 100 left in 2002, it has bounced back to over 2,000, thanks to breeding programmes and habitat restoration. Wolverines, though still rare, are stabilising in parts of northern Europe due to enhanced conservation efforts.These figures are proof that, given the chance, nature can heal. But they also raise an important issue, how do we share our modern world with these powerful animals?<figure id="figure-tzu439biskm7hydcsj"><img id="tzu439biskm7hydcsj" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/30R4Mu3Fs7v6wEFGvjCiHknMFLB1j605U0rfAVmVspkZS9x6v7PbUFZk3sqZ1D8j.jpeg" alt="Lynx, Yukon, Canada" title="Lynx, Yukon, Canada" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/30R4Mu3Fs7v6wEFGvjCiHknMFLB1j605U0rfAVmVspkZS9x6v7PbUFZk3sqZ1D8j.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Impact on Farming</h3> For centuries, many rural communities in Europe have lived without large carnivores. Their return is a major adjustment, particularly for farmers who rely on livestock. Wolves and bears are opportunistic hunters, and sheep, cattle, and goats are easy targets. Across Europe, wolves alone are responsible for an estimated 40,000 livestock deaths every year.But the impact goes beyond just losing animals. Research shows that livestock under constant threat from predators suffer from stress, leading to lower fertility rates, reduced milk production, and weight loss, all of which affect a farmer’s livelihood. These hidden costs are rarely covered by compensation schemes, leaving many farmers to absorb the financial hit.Compensation schemes do exist, but they are inconsistent across Europe, and many farmers feel they don’t do enough. Some countries have trialled proactive measures, such as paying farmers to install deterrents like electric fencing or guardian dogs before attacks happen, rather than simply reimbursing them afterwards. While these schemes have had some success, uptake varies, and many farmers feel they are not properly consulted when policies are made.<figure id="figure-3eidnsd7dim7hylbk5"><img id="3eidnsd7dim7hylbk5" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/103iWnOKDZgFFBGReu7KbEsN0nDpfHoaFspbRcA4ArXGTaqS5kRcUIJvYWPBpMgj.jpeg" alt="Herd of Goats in Italy Near Rome on the Appian Way and the Ancient Roman Aqueducts" title="Herd of Goats in Italy Near Rome on the Appian Way and the Ancient Roman Aqueducts" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/103iWnOKDZgFFBGReu7KbEsN0nDpfHoaFspbRcA4ArXGTaqS5kRcUIJvYWPBpMgj.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>The Human Side of Predation</h3> For a farmer, losing an animal to a predator isn’t just about money, it’s personal. Many families have been raising livestock for generations, with traditions deeply rooted in their way of life. When a wolf or bear attacks, it’s more than just a lost asset; it’s a blow to years of hard work, to a lifestyle built around caring for their animals and their land.Governments have tried to help by offering compensation, but many farmers find the process frustrating. Claims can be slow and bureaucratic, and payouts don’t always reflect the true impact of an attack. There’s also an emotional toll, seeing your animals injured or killed, worrying about the next attack, and feeling powerless to protect them.<figure id="figure-hdtyh7wfldm7hydon0"><img id="hdtyh7wfldm7hydon0" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/33CPMRIQrV5yX4r0BLkL51IgeApr55MnnUuRZHtjIyw5HPOag8deAXBXvJ4DXOEn.jpeg" alt="Hand fed" title="Hand fed" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/33CPMRIQrV5yX4r0BLkL51IgeApr55MnnUuRZHtjIyw5HPOag8deAXBXvJ4DXOEn.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Who Gets a Say in Conservation?</h3> One of the biggest questions in this debate is: who should have a say in how these animals are managed? Conservationists, scientists, and policymakers are all involved in decision-making, but rural communities often feel their voices are ignored.The issue is even more complex in Europe, where defining who counts as ‘local’ isn’t straightforward. Should decisions be made only by those directly affected, farmers and rural residents, or do city dwellers, who support conservation efforts from afar, also have a role?This disconnect can lead to frustration, especially when urban populations, who may never encounter a wolf or bear, support strict protection laws that have real consequences for those who do. Finding common ground is crucial if conservation efforts are to be both fair and effective.<figure id="figure-4acsfbzqd9pm7hyqygp" class=""><img id="4acsfbzqd9pm7hyqygp" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1jBgdvdOKpBzSCIavsD8o2fCKFHp6GIwA4yHvi18VLDhdXTrZo1rM8cIuw4KIAqD.jpeg" alt="Sunflower fields and spanish house" title="Sunflower fields and spanish house" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1jBgdvdOKpBzSCIavsD8o2fCKFHp6GIwA4yHvi18VLDhdXTrZo1rM8cIuw4KIAqD.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Finding a Way to Coexist</h3> The answer isn’t to pick a side, people or predators. The challenge is finding a way for both to thrive. Science alone won’t solve the problem. We need to bring in the experience and voices of those who live and work in these landscapes.There are already solutions that show promise. Many farmers in predator-heavy areas have successfully reduced livestock losses using non-lethal deterrents. Livestock guardian dogs, electric fencing, and increased surveillance have all been proven to help keep predators away. In some cases, shifting compensation models, paying farmers for prevention rather than just for losses, has helped reduce conflict and build trust.Education is also vital. Large carnivores are often misunderstood, with outdated fears shaping public opinion. Wolves, for example, help control deer populations, which, if left unchecked, can damage forests and farmland. Helping people understand the role of predators in the ecosystem can foster greater acceptance and support for coexistence efforts.<figure id="figure-hnhq8mnphgm7hyt1z5" class=""><img id="hnhq8mnphgm7hyt1z5" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/22n25j05T6XGmT0RZoWchqlaGFspNlloKzE9rBaFXlubFcUsfkx8dcFewa4dz63B.jpeg" alt="Wolf" title="Wolf" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/22n25j05T6XGmT0RZoWchqlaGFspNlloKzE9rBaFXlubFcUsfkx8dcFewa4dz63B.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Europe’s large carnivores are back, showing that conservation can work. But their return isn’t without challenges, especially for farmers who face livestock losses and financial strain.For coexistence to succeed, we need a fair and balanced approach. Farmers must be supported with practical solutions like better deterrents, improved compensation schemes, and a real say in decision-making. Conservation can’t just benefit wildlife; it must work for the people who share the land with these predators.By listening to rural communities, embracing practical solutions, and finding common ground, we can create a future where both people and predators thrive. The challenge now is not just protecting these animals but ensuring they fit into a world where they are an asset, not a burden. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Balancing Act: Conserving Europe's Large Carnivores and Human Coexistence

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>The Irish live cattle export sector has had an exceptionally strong start to 2025, with a sharp rise in shipments to key European markets, particularly Spain and Italy. According to Bord Bia, by 25 January 2025, Ireland had exported 2,424 cattle to Spain, an increase of more than 2,300 head compared to the same period in 2024. Similarly, exports to Italy soared to 1,138 head, up from just 317 in early 2024.Closer to home, exports to Northern Ireland also rose significantly, reaching 2,290 cattle, an increase of over 400 head. This surge reflects a combination of factors, including strong demand for Irish beef in European markets, favourable price differences, and a well-established export infrastructure that enables smooth trade flows.As a result, agents and exporters are seeing growing opportunities, particularly for high-quality weanlings and store cattle, which are in strong demand for wholesale markets and abattoirs abroad.<figure id="figure-h51ein0axm79bdsqt"><img id="h51ein0axm79bdsqt" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/21G5MPD8lPRuV4y6PmJpVWYGhhGaCl2JJvhTM0oH4BXgtklyn5CFAdfV3Yn1jiSN.jpeg" alt="irish cattle" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/21G5MPD8lPRuV4y6PmJpVWYGhhGaCl2JJvhTM0oH4BXgtklyn5CFAdfV3Yn1jiSN.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>Why Spain and Italy Are Increasing Their Imports</h3> The rise in live exports to Spain and Italy is no coincidence. Both countries have a strong tradition of finishing imported cattle, with well-developed feedlot and intensive production systems that require a steady supply of quality stock.Spain: A Major Growth Market Spain has emerged as one of the most important markets for Irish live cattle. The surge in exports – from just over 100 cattle last year to more than 2,400 this year – is largely driven by demand from Spanish beef finishers looking to secure quality weanlings for their feedlots. Spanish buyers prefer Irish cattle because they have:<ul><li>Strong genetics – Continental breeds such as Charolais, Limousin, and Belgian Blue perform exceptionally well in Spain’s intensive systems.</li><li>Rapid weight gain potential – Irish cattle adapt well to Spanish feeding programmes, producing high-value beef cuts.</li><li>A reliable supply – With tight domestic supplies in Spain, importers are turning to Ireland to meet growing demand.</li></ul> Italy: A Long-Standing Partner Italy has always been a strong market for Irish cattle, particularly for high-quality continental breeds.<ul><li>The increase from 317 head in early 2024 to 1,138 head this year suggests Italian wholesalers and abattoirs are actively sourcing Irish cattle to meet demand in their premium beef sector.</li><li>Italian consumers favour high-quality beef, and Irish store cattle are particularly well-suited for premium veal and beef production.</li></ul><figure id="figure-x81emxuqefm79bdzsj"><img id="x81emxuqefm79bdzsj" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1a5TI59DrnXfGdrNdV4p1GLJrmTAex0WDf8mT4SLh7onpXjU4NlohJsafSb28czW.jpeg" alt="Grass fed beef cattle steers in cattle truck" title="Grass fed beef cattle steers in cattle truck" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1a5TI59DrnXfGdrNdV4p1GLJrmTAex0WDf8mT4SLh7onpXjU4NlohJsafSb28czW.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Northern Ireland: A Growing Market Close to Home</h3>While exports to Spain and Italy have surged, Northern Ireland remains a key and consistent market for Irish cattle. In the first seven months of 2024, around 42,400 cattle were exported across the border, reinforcing the deep-rooted trade links between the two regions. This cross-border movement of cattle has long been a feature of the Irish beef industry, with Northern Irish processors relying on a steady supply of Irish livestock to meet demand.One of the biggest drivers behind this trade is competitive pricing. Northern Irish processors continue to pay strong prices for Irish cattle, particularly store and finished cattle destined for the wholesale trade and abattoirs. Price differentials between Ireland and the UK make the export trade attractive, with young store cattle in Ireland averaging €293 per 100kg (excluding VAT) in mid-2024. Meanwhile, beef prices in the UK have risen steadily, reaching £3.46 per kilogram, an increase of over 30 pence since the start of the year.A key factor supporting this demand is the tightening UK beef supply. While UK beef production was expected to reach 933,000 tonnes in 2024, a 4% increase from the previous year, forecasts for 2025 suggest a 5% drop, bringing output down to 885,000 tonnes. With fewer cattle available and steady consumer demand, Northern Irish buyers are likely to remain active in the Irish market, sourcing cattle to fill supply gaps.This ongoing trade benefits both sides. For Irish farmers, Northern Ireland provides a reliable and accessible market, helping to support cattle prices. For Northern Irish buyers, Irish cattle offer a high-quality and consistent supply at a competitive price. As UK beef production is set to decline further in 2025, the outlook for live exports to Northern Ireland remains strong, ensuring that this well-established trade link continues to thrive.<figure id="figure-8j5p3mxkhm79bxa2l" class=""><img id="8j5p3mxkhm79bxa2l" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/2f4Z282uZb4VWiodZrbtA1TCdZRxNk7E6AIdjSX69tgSTbpp1iudT3OQobbvMQk1.jpeg" alt="coastal landscape at Murlough Bay, a bay on the north coast of Northern Ireland" title="coastal landscape at Murlough Bay, a bay on the north coast of Northern Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/2f4Z282uZb4VWiodZrbtA1TCdZRxNk7E6AIdjSX69tgSTbpp1iudT3OQobbvMQk1.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What’s Driving This Export Boom?</h3>The surge in live cattle exports in early 2025 is the result of several key factors:<ul><li>Strong European Beef Prices – European beef demand remains robust, particularly in Spain and Italy, where high-quality Irish cattle are well suited to intensive production systems.</li><li>Favourable Price Differentials – The price gap between Irish cattle and their European counterparts allows exporters to offer competitive deals, making Irish cattle more attractive.</li><li>High Demand for Weanlings and Store Cattle – Irish Charolais, Limousin, and Belgian Blue crosses remain in high demand across Europe, especially in feedlot systems.</li><li>Improved Transport and Infrastructure – Ireland’s export network is well-developed, with efficient shipping routes that ensure Irish cattle reach their destinations in top condition.</li><li>Tighter European Cattle Supply – Many European countries are facing declining domestic cattle numbers, meaning buyers must look abroad to fill the gap.</li></ul><figure id="figure-sh0s7css5qm79bzqa3" class=""><img id="sh0s7css5qm79bzqa3" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/8annxAA8u0Mg14gFbHvLmYOb3PsuWqoFKTBKAEaKhvNhhyrD9OXQPAS6Qr13FmC7.jpeg" alt="Close up view of cows on pasture in summer" title="Close up view of cows on pasture in summer" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/8annxAA8u0Mg14gFbHvLmYOb3PsuWqoFKTBKAEaKhvNhhyrD9OXQPAS6Qr13FmC7.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What This Means for Farmers and Exporters</h3> For Irish farmers, the growth in live exports provides greater market opportunities and could help stabilise prices, particularly for weanlings and store cattle. As demand for Irish cattle increases, farmers can expect stronger competition from export buyers, potentially boosting farmgate prices.For exporters and agents, the surge in demand is creating new business opportunities, particularly for those dealing in high-quality cattle destined for Spain, Italy, and Northern Ireland. However, it remains crucial for exporters to maintain high animal welfare and health standards, ensuring compliance with strict EU regulations to keep these markets open.<figure id="figure-o6de3jbh9dm79c1nxw" class=""><img id="o6de3jbh9dm79c1nxw" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/cyVrvB9HG5GYHrHa2YiypeLPt3PECdu8cyWVh1VLKvQxbw3b9S4T7poEmVWugDdP.jpeg" alt="Grazing Irish Cows" title="Grazing Irish Cows" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/cyVrvB9HG5GYHrHa2YiypeLPt3PECdu8cyWVh1VLKvQxbw3b9S4T7poEmVWugDdP.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Future Projections for Irish Beef and Live Exports</h3> Looking ahead, all signs point to continued growth in Irish live cattle exports. Several key market trends suggest that demand for Irish cattle will remain strong throughout 2025 and beyond:<ul><li>Tightening European Cattle Supply – Beef production in the EU and UK is expected to decline further in 2025, creating more demand for imported cattle.</li><li>Global Beef Demand Remains Strong – According to Bord Bia, demand for high-quality beef is expected to increase globally, with economic growth supporting higher meat consumption.</li><li>Higher Value of Irish Live Exports – In 2024, the value of Irish live exports reached €340 million, a 30% increase from the previous year. This growth is expected to continue in 2025. </li><li>Ireland’s Cattle Kill is Expected to Decline – Bord Bia forecasts a 71,000 head (4%) decline in Irish cattle slaughter in 2025, largely due to increased live exports and a shrinking domestic herd. This could push live export demand even higher.</li></ul> However, challenges remain. Regulatory changes, currency fluctuations, and logistics will continue to play a role in shaping live export trends. Ireland’s ability to maintain high animal welfare and transport standards will also be crucial in keeping key markets open.<figure id="figure-vg5wqothsom79c366o" class=""><img id="vg5wqothsom79c366o" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/17361hPzm1n81XNIT0ENWEe0m3ZZchIhAcnmaRdoT1w0DcbC5ZlE9EzkwsFmk8oF.jpeg" alt="Great Pollet Arch, Donegal, Irland" title="Great Pollet Arch, Donegal, Irland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/17361hPzm1n81XNIT0ENWEe0m3ZZchIhAcnmaRdoT1w0DcbC5ZlE9EzkwsFmk8oF.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>Ireland’s live cattle exports have had a strong start to 2025, with rising demand from Spain, Italy, and Northern Ireland. Strong European beef prices, tightening cattle supplies, and favourable price differences have created valuable opportunities for farmers and exporters.For farmers, increased exports mean more market options and greater price stability, particularly for weanlings and store cattle. Exporters are also benefiting, with Irish cattle in high demand for their quality and suitability for finishing systems abroad. However, maintaining welfare and health standards remains crucial.With European and UK cattle supplies expected to decline further, demand for Irish cattle is likely to grow. While challenges such as market fluctuations and regulations remain, Ireland’s reputation for quality livestock and reliable supply puts it in a strong position for another successful year in 2025. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Irish Live Cattle Exports Surge in Early 2025

A woman with a stone grinder grinds cocoa and prepares cacao for a chocolate drink, Ecuador

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>For many of us, chocolate is more than just a sweet treat. It is a source of comfort, a reward after a long day, or a staple in moments of celebration. Whether it’s a rich bar of dark chocolate, a carefully crafted truffle, or a simple hot chocolate on a cold evening, it is hard to imagine life without it.But this beloved indulgence is under threat. Scientists are warning that climate change is having a profound impact on cacao production, particularly in West Africa, where around 70 per cent of the world’s cacao is grown. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and an increase in pests and diseases are making it harder for farmers to cultivate the cacao beans that are the foundation of every chocolate product.As a result, cocoa prices are soaring, and the long-term availability of chocolate is increasingly uncertain. If we do not take action, chocolate could become a luxury that is out of reach for many.So, what is happening, and what does it mean for the future of chocolate?<figure id="figure-0wsbcwvqyxm7983oy0"><img id="0wsbcwvqyxm7983oy0" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/36NzSC91BUHkC8iAXpZNqMD5bv9RV5wpaAeptLcqFrZqhvSSnoQrMmQkL8gpPo1A.jpeg" alt="The Chocolate Shop, English Market - Cork, Ireland" title="The Chocolate Shop, English Market - Cork, Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/36NzSC91BUHkC8iAXpZNqMD5bv9RV5wpaAeptLcqFrZqhvSSnoQrMmQkL8gpPo1A.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>West Africa: The Beating Heart of Chocolate Production</h3>The world’s chocolate supply depends heavily on two countries—Ivory Coast and Ghana. These nations produce more than half of the world’s cacao, but the industry there is facing mounting difficulties.A recent report by Climate Central has revealed that, over the past decade, climate change has added three extra weeks of excessive heat during the main growing season. For cacao trees—plants that thrive in stable, humid conditions—this shift is already proving to be devastating. The additional heat places enormous stress on the trees, weakening their productivity and making them more vulnerable to disease.Farmers are reporting falling yields and increasing crop failures, and with no end in sight to the changing climate, the crisis is deepening.<figure id="figure-znyamg30sqm798evvq"><img id="znyamg30sqm798evvq" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24YJ7ynMcYW0pt744reg7fGzop3LywMkl0SsVsF6QB9PAMTglPJrMF2A2qyMV3i4.jpeg" alt="cacao orchard, Theobroma cacao, Hawaii County, Hawaii" title="cacao orchard, Theobroma cacao, Hawaii County, Hawaii" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24YJ7ynMcYW0pt744reg7fGzop3LywMkl0SsVsF6QB9PAMTglPJrMF2A2qyMV3i4.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Perfect Storm: Why Cacao Production is Struggling</h3>The problems facing cacao farmers are not new, but climate change is making them worse. It is amplifying existing challenges, creating a vicious cycle that threatens the long-term viability of the industry.1. Rising Temperatures and Unpredictable Rainfall:Cacao trees are sensitive to environmental changes. They require just the right balance of warmth, shade, and moisture to thrive. But climate change is disrupting this delicate balance.<ul><li>Excessive heat is stressing cacao trees, making them less productive and more susceptible to disease. Some trees are simply dying in the extreme conditions.</li><li>Unreliable rainfall is also causing major problems. Heavy downpours are leading to floods that damage crops, while prolonged dry spells are preventing cacao trees from getting the moisture they need to survive. </li></ul>Farmers who have relied on the same growing patterns for generations are now struggling to predict what each season will bring.2. Pests and Diseases Spreading More Rapidly:Warmer temperatures do not only affect cacao trees—they also encourage the spread of pests and plant diseases. Some of the most serious threats include:<ul><li>Black pod disease, a fungal infection that spreads in humid conditions and can wipe out entire cacao harvests.</li><li>Cacao swollen shoot virus, an insect-borne disease that is already causing devastation in Ghana.</li><li>Capsid bugs, small insects that feed on cacao pods, causing significant damage to crops. </li></ul>Farmers who rely on cacao as their primary source of income often lack the resources to combat these threats, leaving them vulnerable to significant losses.3. Deforestation and Illegal Farming Practices:With declining yields, some farmers are turning to deforestation in an attempt to plant more cacao trees. However, this is only a short-term solution.<ul><li>By cutting down forests, farmers remove the natural shade that helps cacao trees survive extreme heat. In the long run, deforestation worsens climate change, making growing conditions even more difficult.</li><li>Governments and environmental organisations are working to curb illegal farming, but with cacao farming being the backbone of many local economies, solutions are not straightforward.</li></ul><figure id="figure-bosxjeigwam79841gz"><img id="bosxjeigwam79841gz" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/293KHqxqhnPUxjMyrRvjCbH2x1DZrGgYO8DtaCoXaeYmwDJbceYXu1QAbMDzJqcy.jpeg" alt="Wicker baskets and Cocoa drying beans on patio Chuao Venezuela" title="Wicker baskets and Cocoa drying beans on patio Chuao Venezuela" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/293KHqxqhnPUxjMyrRvjCbH2x1DZrGgYO8DtaCoXaeYmwDJbceYXu1QAbMDzJqcy.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Human Cost: Farmers Are Struggling to Cope</h3>For millions of smallholder farmers in West Africa, cacao farming is not just a job—it is a way of life. Yet, despite producing the raw material for a multi-billion-euro industry, most cacao farmers earn less than €3 a day. A 2020 VOICES Project report found that 60 per cent of cacao farming households in Ivory Coast and Ghana live in poverty, struggling to afford food, healthcare, and education.Climate change is making matters worse. According to Christian Aid, extreme weather events such as droughts, erratic rainfall, and floods have significantly reduced yields. Between 2009 and 2019, Ghana lost 23 per cent of its potential cocoa harvest due to climate stress, while parts of Ivory Coast saw production drop by up to 40 per cent. With limited access to irrigation, pest control, or financial support, many farmers are being pushed to the brink.The younger generation is increasingly unwilling to take on this uncertain livelihood. A World Cocoa Foundation studyfound that over 70 per cent of young people from cacao-farming families in Ghana and Ivory Coast do not want to follow in their parents’ footsteps, opting instead for more stable urban jobs.If this trend continues, the Fairtrade Foundation warns that half of the land currently used for cacao farming could become unsuitable by 2050, threatening the global chocolate supply and driving prices even higher. Without intervention, the world could face not only a shortage of cacao but also the loss of entire farming communities reliant on its production.<figure id="figure-6vkkbbeabm798474j"><img id="6vkkbbeabm798474j" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/34G4CxUOxQwwxtrqQ4Nn3DMifh5o5rZHkhaPUKlncIbrzsdBwZPy5Gtk3ChfrFuS.jpeg" alt="sustainable chocolate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/34G4CxUOxQwwxtrqQ4Nn3DMifh5o5rZHkhaPUKlncIbrzsdBwZPy5Gtk3ChfrFuS.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>A Bitter Reality: The Impact on Chocolate Prices</h3>As cacao production declines, cocoa prices are soaring. In 2024, cocoa prices hit over €5,600 per metric tonne, the highest in nearly 50 years, due to poor harvests in Ivory Coast and Ghana. The International Cocoa Organisation (ICCO) reports that global cocoa production fell by 11 per cent in 2022-2023, with further declines expected.This has forced chocolate manufacturers to increase prices. Mondelez International, owner of Cadbury, raised prices by over 20 per cent in the past year, while Nestlé and Hershey have also warned of continued price hikes. Analysts predict that if current trends persist, chocolate bars could double in price by 2030.But this is not just a cost issue—it is a supply crisis. The Financial Times warns that climate change poses an “existential threat” to cacao farming, with rising temperatures and erratic rainfall expected to make much of West Africa unsuitable for cultivation by 2050. A study by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture estimates that climate change could reduce Ghana and Ivory Coast’s cacao-growing areas by up to 50 per cent within decades. If this happens, chocolate could become a rare and expensive luxury.<figure id="figure-ndaloq3yvghm7996q0y" class=""><img id="ndaloq3yvghm7996q0y" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/azw7CP4nnCIoRRzeIDbrYi1Qx6MhMvvjb8khPvBBzjDojOcX0xZkD4LJrB58lFQl.jpeg" alt="Chocolate" title="Chocolate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/azw7CP4nnCIoRRzeIDbrYi1Qx6MhMvvjb8khPvBBzjDojOcX0xZkD4LJrB58lFQl.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What Can Be Done?</h3> The good news is that there are solutions, and efforts are already underway to protect the future of chocolate. Some of the most promising strategies include:<ul><li>Developing climate-resilient cacao trees: Researchers are working on heat- and drought-resistant cacao varieties. The International Cocoa Genebank has identified over 100 cacao strains with traits that improve resilience, while trials in Brazil and Ghana have shown that some hybrid varieties can increase yields by 30 per cent under extreme conditions.</li><li>Agroforestry techniques: Growing cacao alongside shade trees and other crops can improve soil health, reduce temperature stress, and increase biodiversity. Studies by the World Agroforestry Centre suggest that cacao grown under agroforestry conditions can improve yields by 15-40 per cent and make farms more resilient to extreme weather.</li><li>Fairer supply chains: Currently, many cacao farmers earn less than 6 per cent of the final retail price of chocolate. Initiatives like the Living Income Differential (LID), introduced in 2019 by Ghana and Ivory Coast, aim to ensure that farmers receive a higher price for their cacao. Early reports show that the scheme has improved incomes for over a million farmers, though enforcement remains a challenge.</li><li>Efforts to curb deforestation: The Cocoa &amp; Forests Initiative, backed by major chocolate companies, has helped restore over 465,000 hectares of forest in West Africa since 2017. Satellite monitoring and stricter land-use policies are also being introduced to protect the rainforests that provide crucial shade and moisture for cacao farms.</li></ul> However, these solutions require significant investment, research, and global cooperation. Without stronger commitments from governments, businesses, and consumers, the challenges facing cacao farmers—and the future of chocolate—will only intensify.<figure id="figure-flqcw4om7m799w4y8" class=""><img id="flqcw4om7m799w4y8" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1d4ga1rjuUWviSarrX81rMEwbBtSaFmk9ir7hMHbZf1gumLtnrKaheNNER9hVcCS.jpeg" alt="One Step in Making Chocolate" title="One Step in Making Chocolate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1d4ga1rjuUWviSarrX81rMEwbBtSaFmk9ir7hMHbZf1gumLtnrKaheNNER9hVcCS.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Chocolate has been a source of joy for generations, but its future is far from certain. Climate change is making cacao farming increasingly difficult, with extreme heat, erratic rainfall, and pests putting immense pressure on farmers. In West Africa, where most of the world’s cacao is grown, production is already declining, forcing up prices and threatening the livelihoods of millions. If this continues, chocolate could become a luxury that few can afford.But there is still time to change course. Scientists, farmers, and industry leaders are working on solutions—from climate-resilient cacao trees to more sustainable farming methods and fairer prices for growers. Governments, businesses, and consumers all have a role to play in supporting these efforts.The future of chocolate depends on the action we take now. By choosing ethical brands, supporting sustainable farming, and pushing for policies that protect farmers and the environment, we can help ensure that chocolate remains a treat for generations to come. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

The Bitter Truth: Climate Change and the Future of Chocolate

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>As spring turns to summer, farmers across Ireland and the UK are preparing to release their livestock onto fresh pasture. However, this seasonal transition brings a heightened risk of lead poisoning, particularly for cattle and sheep. Young calves, being naturally curious, are especially vulnerable to ingesting lead-containing materials, which can have severe, often fatal, consequences.In 2023, 18 cattle deaths were reported due to lead poisoning, with most cases occurring in late spring and early summer. This isn’t a new problem—historical data shows that lead poisoning has been a recurring issue for decades, particularly in areas where old machinery, paint, and batteries have been left unattended in fields.With the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) warning of increased risks this year, farmers are being urged to check their land for potential sources of contamination before livestock are turned out. A quick field inspection now could save lives, prevent financial loss, and protect the integrity of the food chain.<figure id="figure-i8nsjau7esm6zd8j4d" class=""><img id="i8nsjau7esm6zd8j4d" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/emu5osfGmYOxXoKfji36JgrlF5IDwcBfPeFkp1pLc8okfYdINeg1KmWr9CdWSdPZ.jpeg" alt="treatment to combat foot-and-mouth disease" title="treatment to combat foot-and-mouth disease" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/emu5osfGmYOxXoKfji36JgrlF5IDwcBfPeFkp1pLc8okfYdINeg1KmWr9CdWSdPZ.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Understanding Lead Poisoning in Livestock</h3> Lead is a highly toxic metal that accumulates in the body over time. Unlike some other farm hazards, lead poisoning isn’t always obvious—livestock can be exposed without a farmer realising until symptoms appear.The most common sources of lead on farms include:<ul><li>Old car and tractor batteries: These are responsible for over 50% of lead poisoning cases in cattle. Even a 250g fragment from a lead-acid battery can be enough to kill a calf.</li><li>Flaking lead-based paint: Often found on old farm buildings, gates, or machinery. Many structures built before 1992 used lead-based paint, which deteriorates over time.</li><li>Contaminated soil and water: Lead can persist in soil for over 100 years, particularly in areas near old buildings, industrial sites, or pastures previously used for dumping waste.</li><li>Scrap metal and lead debris: Small, corroded bits of lead from pipes, roofing materials, or old repairs may not look dangerous, but they can be lethal if ingested.</li></ul> Once ingested, lead enters the bloodstream and accumulates in the liver, kidneys, and bones. Even if an animal survives, it may never fully recover, suffering from long-term health and reproductive issues.<figure id="figure-01hfpzoe4pm6zdbb22" class=""><img id="01hfpzoe4pm6zdbb22" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/3azOZY0kDUXrd13IJwkz6tUm5qLIGi3f3VK13xGT9g78nZs5fyEUCIA4QNxfcJk4.jpeg" alt="Abandoned Tractor" title="Abandoned Tractor" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/3azOZY0kDUXrd13IJwkz6tUm5qLIGi3f3VK13xGT9g78nZs5fyEUCIA4QNxfcJk4.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Signs of Lead Poisoning in Cattle and Sheep</h3> Recognising early symptoms of lead poisoning is critical to preventing further losses. Keep an eye out for:<ul><li>Unsteady movement: Staggering, muscle tremors, or struggling to stand.</li><li>Neurological signs: Blindness, head pressing, or seizures.</li><li>Behavioural changes: Unusual aggression, excessive salivation, or confusion.</li><li>Digestive issues: Loss of appetite, bloating, or diarrhoea.</li><li>Sudden death: In severe cases, lead poisoning can cause rapid deterioration within 24-48 hours.</li></ul> Studies by Teagasc show that nearly 40% of lead poisoning cases in cattle go undiagnosed until after death. A blood test confirming lead levels above 0.3 ppm (parts per million) is needed for a diagnosis.If lead poisoning is suspected, isolate the affected animal immediately and contact a vet. In some cases, calcium EDTA injections can help remove lead from the bloodstream, but once lead is absorbed into the organs, there is no effective cure.<figure id="figure-d38cfzglgsm6zdigun" class=""><img id="d38cfzglgsm6zdigun" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/23JwCfOlhqBCEeCC5lwz9MVsGO6TkGGkhvE56XOkrO6dcWferuz6P7bnwTtvVAQi.jpeg" alt="Vet Checking newborn calf" title="Vet Checking newborn calf" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/23JwCfOlhqBCEeCC5lwz9MVsGO6TkGGkhvE56XOkrO6dcWferuz6P7bnwTtvVAQi.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Public Health Risks and the Food Chain</h3> Lead poisoning doesn’t just affect livestock—it can have serious implications for human health if contaminated meat or milk enters the food chain.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) warns that even low levels of lead exposure can lead to:<ul><li>Neurological damage: particularly in infants and young children.</li><li>Kidney and liver dysfunction: increasing the risk of chronic disease.</li><li>Cardiovascular issues: as long-term exposure has been linked to high blood pressure.</li></ul> Because of these risks: the maximum residue limit (MRL) for lead in food has been strictly reduced in recent years:<ul><li>0.02 mg/kg in milk.</li><li>0.1 mg/kg in meat.</li></ul> If lead is detected on a farm, movement restrictions may be imposed while animals undergo multiple tests to ensure safety. This can cause significant financial losses for farmers, affecting both milk and beef sales.<figure id="figure-kberwtbngvm6zdn19l" class=""><img id="kberwtbngvm6zdn19l" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/5Bsf6fNZtkGJw5k0iGQL9N3CPzX8G6hxbadOFyvW0Hc2nXEc19zkW4R981jANX5N.jpeg" alt="Friesian cattle on a road in Tipperary, Ireland." title="Friesian cattle on a road in Tipperary, Ireland." class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/5Bsf6fNZtkGJw5k0iGQL9N3CPzX8G6hxbadOFyvW0Hc2nXEc19zkW4R981jANX5N.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>How to Protect Your Livestock from Lead Poisoning</h3> The best approach to lead poisoning is prevention. Farmers can take simple but effective steps to reduce the risk:1. Inspect Pastures Before Turnout: <ul><li>Check hedgerows, ditches, and fields for discarded batteries, scrap metal, and old machinery parts.</li><li>Pay special attention to areas near farm buildings, old sheds, or boundary fences where lead-based materials may be present.</li></ul>2. Safely Dispose of Lead Materials:<ul><li>Take old tractor and car batteries to licensed recycling centres—these should never be stored in the open.</li><li>If you suspect lead-based paint on buildings, gates, or feeding troughs, consider sealing or replacing it with safe alternatives.</li></ul> 3. Monitor Livestock for Early Signs of Poisoning:<ul><li>Young calves are the most vulnerable—observe their behaviour closely after turnout.</li><li>If any animals show symptoms, contact a vet immediately for testing and treatment.</li></ul> 4. Be Aware of Food Safety Regulations:<ul><li>Farms affected by lead poisoning must comply with DAFM and EFSA guidelines.</li><li>If lead contamination is confirmed, meat and dairy products from affected animals may need to be destroyed. &nbsp; </li></ul><figure id="figure-a8kyalf8sdm6zfeorr" class=""><img id="a8kyalf8sdm6zfeorr" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/38W8XJnhefv3TZRHSFY5ZcKab91qGAOU5NStJo9SkgPCMz2J8DzrPXfPmoP50a6Z.jpeg" alt="flock of sheep and cattle in Bayanbulak prairie" title="flock of sheep and cattle in Bayanbulak prairie" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/38W8XJnhefv3TZRHSFY5ZcKab91qGAOU5NStJo9SkgPCMz2J8DzrPXfPmoP50a6Z.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>How The Informed Farmer Consultancy Can Help</h3> At The Informed Farmer Consultancy, we understand that farm safety and livestock health are top priorities. Dealing with hidden risks like lead contamination can be overwhelming, and we’re here to help.If you’re uncertain about how to assess your pastures, need advice on lead disposal, or have concerns about compliance with food safety regulations, our team of agricultural and sustainability experts can provide:<ul><li>&nbsp;On-farm risk assessments to identify potential lead hazards.</li><li>&nbsp;Practical guidance on lead disposal and pasture management.</li><li>Support with compliance, food safety, and movement restrictions.</li></ul>A proactive approach to farm safety can prevent devastating losses, protect your animals, and ensure the long-term sustainability of your farm.<figure id="figure-mq15vj8becm6zfk4b5" class=""><img id="mq15vj8becm6zfk4b5" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/359cdvDYmdqcqN8ytrr4hSquhM87Q520oMl0F8fi6gfikuuvgl4ll0t080mJHy4p.jpeg" alt="He loves his milk" title="He loves his milk" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/359cdvDYmdqcqN8ytrr4hSquhM87Q520oMl0F8fi6gfikuuvgl4ll0t080mJHy4p.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Lead poisoning in livestock is a preventable but serious issue. Every year, avoidable cases lead to animal deaths, financial loss, and food chain concerns.With a few simple precautions, such as inspecting pastures, safely disposing of hazardous materials, and monitoring livestock for early symptoms, farmers can greatly reduce the risk of lead exposure.A few minutes of vigilance today could save a lifetime of trouble tomorrow.For further support, contact The Informed Farmer Consultancy, your local vet, or the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Protecting Livestock: The Importance of Monitoring for Lead Poisoning

Modern reusable steel and paper drinking straws as alternative replacement for plastic drinking straw.

<h3>Introduction</h3>U.S. President Donald Trump has announced plans to reverse the Biden administration’s push for eco-friendly paper straws, stating that he intends to reinstate plastic straws via an upcoming Executive Order. This move, in line with his previous stance on environmental deregulation, has reignited discussions about sustainability, single-use plastics, and international efforts to reduce plastic waste.At first glance, the debate over straws may seem trivial. However, it highlights a much broader conversation about balancing environmental responsibility with practicality, consumer preferences, and the effectiveness of government policies in tackling climate challenges.<figure id="figure-9qul2miitem6z9i4b2"><img id="9qul2miitem6z9i4b2" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/19nmnqIgieUgCoJytDgRDdDqM3AqQx3nNaIIZICbBKm2Rd82sT2wI8FxrtsSlEfN.png" alt="plastic straws" title="plastic straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/19nmnqIgieUgCoJytDgRDdDqM3AqQx3nNaIIZICbBKm2Rd82sT2wI8FxrtsSlEfN.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Plastic Straws and the Environmental Challenge</h3> Plastic straws are a small but highly visible component of the global plastic waste crisis. Most plastic straws are made from polypropylene, a petroleum-based material that does not biodegrade. Instead, it breaks down into microplastics, which persist in the environment for hundreds of years. Unlike other waste, plastic straws are difficult to recycle due to their small size and lightweight nature, meaning they often end up in landfills, oceans, and waterways.According to research by the World Economic Forum, an estimated 8 to 12 million tonnes of plastic enter the oceans every year. A study published in Science Advances found that plastic straws account for around 0.025% of ocean plastic pollution, a relatively small percentage but still a significant contributor. High-profile cases, such as the widely shared video of a sea turtle with a plastic straw lodged in its nostril, have propelled the issue into public consciousness, leading to widespread calls for action.<figure id="figure-62hq63p34km6z9i9py"><img id="62hq63p34km6z9i9py" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24IG8wUiELiQXd6xdPlsrFIGr8WArceJHJ8wqbarfFVyPXlIzz7CXWNCP4QTI6uI.jpeg" alt="Glass, paper and plastic straws in jar" title="Glass, paper and plastic straws in jar" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24IG8wUiELiQXd6xdPlsrFIGr8WArceJHJ8wqbarfFVyPXlIzz7CXWNCP4QTI6uI.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Regulatory Approaches: The U.S. and Beyond</h3> The Biden administration previously supported initiatives to reduce single-use plastics, including federal guidelines encouraging paper straws and other biodegradable alternatives. In contrast, Trump’s decision to reverse this approach aligns with his broader stance on deregulation. His campaign has also commercialised the issue, selling plastic straws as merchandise, appealing to voters who view environmental policies as government overreach.The U.S. is not alone in debating the role of environmental regulations in daily life. In contrast to Trump's stance, the European Union has taken a much firmer approach. Under the Single-Use Plastics Directive (SUPD), introduced in 2019 and implemented in 2021, the EU banned plastic straws, cutlery, and stirrers, among other disposable plastic items. The directive aims to reduce the most common types of marine plastic pollution and promote a shift towards reusable and compostable alternatives.<figure id="figure-oe168dmg5km6z9iitx"><img id="oe168dmg5km6z9iitx" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/23Zy5n2zeqTjGUBMDcIRz4NTpvnzx252PHC2dipGwTIqPKfeafPz6ol4CgFqwYJx.jpeg" alt="Reusable glass jar full of stainless steel straws" title="Reusable glass jar full of stainless steel straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/23Zy5n2zeqTjGUBMDcIRz4NTpvnzx252PHC2dipGwTIqPKfeafPz6ol4CgFqwYJx.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Ireland’s Leadership in Sustainability</h3> Ireland has positioned itself as a leader in sustainability within the EU, actively advancing policies to reduce plastic waste. The Irish government introduced the Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy (2020-2025), which aligns with EU directives and sets ambitious targets for plastic reduction. The plan focuses on phasing out single-use plastics, improving recycling systems, and fostering a circular economy that reduces waste at the source.One of Ireland’s most significant sustainability successes was the introduction of the plastic bag levy in 2002, which led to a 90% reduction in plastic bag usage within a year. More recently, Ireland launched its Deposit Return Scheme (DRS) in 2024, which encourages recycling by placing a refundable deposit on plastic bottles and aluminium cans. Similar schemes have proven highly effective in countries such as Germany and Sweden, achieving recycling rates of over 90%.<figure id="figure-32odtm53um6za6wjy" class=""><img id="32odtm53um6za6wjy" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/35maWnhSKw167mPDr66oehANwwwzFGiJ6BkUsyowYEqjj6UknleA7hbSjAkDYUey.jpeg" alt="The green dustbin by the street is overflowing with rubbish" title="The green dustbin by the street is overflowing with rubbish" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/35maWnhSKw167mPDr66oehANwwwzFGiJ6BkUsyowYEqjj6UknleA7hbSjAkDYUey.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Consumer Preferences and the Role of Innovation</h3> While plastic straws have clear environmental downsides, their alternatives have also faced criticism. Paper straws, for example, are known to become soggy in drinks, a common complaint among consumers. Some alternatives, such as metal and silicone straws, offer durability and reusability but are more expensive and less practical for large-scale adoption in fast-food and beverage industries.The challenge lies in finding materials that balance sustainability with convenience. Some businesses have turned to biodegradable plastic straws made from polylactic acid (PLA), derived from corn starch, which decomposes under industrial composting conditions. Others are exploring emerging innovations, such as seaweed-based straws, which are both biodegradable and durable. However, scaling up production of these alternatives remains a challenge due to costs and the need for supportive infrastructure, such as industrial composting facilities.<figure id="figure-0za719l21gm6za8ev2" class=""><img id="0za719l21gm6za8ev2" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/209sY9Y54fdDdvaJLTHZClM0Q1TGS5ie0DMJZPnBCSSMOczzFpsRASw6E8fc2TBY.jpeg" alt="Paper straws" title="Paper straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/209sY9Y54fdDdvaJLTHZClM0Q1TGS5ie0DMJZPnBCSSMOczzFpsRASw6E8fc2TBY.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>Looking Ahead: The Future of Single-Use Plastics</h3> Globally, there is growing recognition that reducing plastic waste requires more than just banning individual products. The European Green Deal, which aims to make the EU climate-neutral by 2050, places a strong emphasis on transitioning away from fossil-fuel-based plastics. Measures include reducing plastic packaging waste by 15% by 2040 and mandating increased recycled content in plastic products.For Ireland and other EU nations, the focus is shifting towards extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes, which require manufacturers to take greater accountability for the entire lifecycle of their products. Such policies encourage the development of packaging and materials that are designed to be more recyclable and sustainable from the outset.Meanwhile, in the U.S., regulatory approaches remain fragmented. Some states, such as California and New York, have enacted their own bans on plastic straws and other single-use plastics, while others have taken a more lenient stance. The potential reinstatement of plastic straws at the federal level under a Trump administration would represent a departure from the global trend towards stricter plastic regulations.<figure id="figure-m6z47imdjdm6zai5q1"><img id="m6z47imdjdm6zai5q1" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/378NjzCgr2fxBGfIb2PktciYahK5VXzlbOJJXkWsNkgVvDf6dKXxDeAPSXJa6kYk.jpeg" alt="stainless steel straws" title="stainless steel straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/378NjzCgr2fxBGfIb2PktciYahK5VXzlbOJJXkWsNkgVvDf6dKXxDeAPSXJa6kYk.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Trump’s proposed reversal of paper straw policies in the U.S. is part of a larger discussion about how governments approach sustainability and environmental regulations. While plastic straws represent a small fraction of global plastic pollution, their prominence in public discourse reflects the broader challenges of reducing reliance on single-use plastics.The EU and Ireland continue to pursue ambitious sustainability goals, with policies aimed at fostering a circular economy and reducing plastic waste. However, transitioning to a more sustainable future will require ongoing investment in new materials, improved waste management systems, and consumer education.As governments and businesses navigate these challenges, the focus must remain on long-term solutions that balance environmental responsibility with practical implementation. Whether through regulations, innovation, or shifts in consumer behaviour, the goal remains the same: reducing plastic waste and moving towards a more sustainable future. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Plastic Straws and Sustainability: A Global Perspective

Veterinarian inspecting livestock on pasture

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>With the calving and lambing season in full swing, farmers across Ireland are being urged to stay vigilant for signs of Schmallenberg virus (SBV)—a disease that can cause severe birth deformities and stillbirths in calves and lambs.The call comes from regional veterinary laboratories, which have heightened surveillance efforts this spring amid concerns over vector-borne livestock diseases. This follows confirmed Schmallenberg cases in 12 cattle herds and 10 sheep flocks across counties Galway, Offaly, and Cavan. While Schmallenberg is the primary focus, experts are also monitoring the potential risk of bluetongue virus (BTV), another midge-borne disease that could threaten Irish livestock.<figure id="figure-25zn8owofum6tnqx6w"><img id="25zn8owofum6tnqx6w" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/87ZjIQZ5Ojsjtd4XkFUxqcMdKAbQTzZSVqUw32guKJtgQAyTXDlYXeUKrXFtx5Ny.jpeg" alt="livestock virus" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/87ZjIQZ5Ojsjtd4XkFUxqcMdKAbQTzZSVqUw32guKJtgQAyTXDlYXeUKrXFtx5Ny.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>Understanding Schmallenberg Virus: What Farmers Need to Know</h3> Schmallenberg virus was first identified in Germany and the Netherlands in 2011 and spread rapidly across Europe, reaching Ireland in 2012. The virus is primarily transmitted by biting midges, which thrive in warm and humid conditions, particularly from late summer to early autumn.In most cases, adult cattle and sheep infected with the virus show no clear symptoms. However, when pregnant animals are infected in the early stages of gestation, the virus crosses the placenta, leading to severe malformations in the developing foetus.<figure id="figure-xucqp2oygfm6to5loq"><img id="xucqp2oygfm6to5loq" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1dY62PeD6JO6Ry8h3XKHa9NyLddBKwI31wpQVj3MgUseG6XQ1HFtNrxCLAz11O9P.jpeg" alt="It's only the best for these cows" title="It's only the best for these cows" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/1dY62PeD6JO6Ry8h3XKHa9NyLddBKwI31wpQVj3MgUseG6XQ1HFtNrxCLAz11O9P.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>Symptoms and Impact on Livestock</h3>Schmallenberg virus is a silent but devastating disease, and its most heartbreaking effects are seen during calving and lambing season. Farmers should stay alert for the following signs in their livestock:1. Stillbirths or Weak Newborns: One of the first signs of Schmallenberg on a farm is an increase in stillborn calves or lambs. Those that are born alive may appear weak, uncoordinated, or unable to stand and suckle. They might:<ul><li>Struggle to lift their heads or latch onto their mother.</li><li>Seem wobbly or unable to control their limbs.</li><li>Fade quickly, even with human intervention.</li><li>Despite farmers' best efforts, many of these newborns do not survive, leading to both financial losses and emotional distress.</li></ul>2. Severe Birth Deformities: Schmallenberg can cause serious malformations in calves and lambs, making movement and survival impossible. These include:<ul><li>Twisted necks or bent limbs, leaving animals unable to stand.</li><li>Fused joints, meaning they can’t move properly.</li><li>Curved spines, which affect balance and coordination.</li><li>In many cases, these animals have no chance of survival, leaving farmers with the difficult decision to put them down humanely.</li></ul>3. Brain and Spinal Cord Issues: Some affected newborns also suffer from neurological damage, which can cause:<ul><li>Paralysis or lack of muscle control.</li><li>Head tremors or seizures.</li><li>Blindness or failure to recognise their surroundings.</li><li>These animals often require round-the-clock care but rarely improve, making survival unlikely.</li></ul>4. Mild Symptoms in Adult Cattle: Unlike newborns, adult cattle may only show mild, temporary signs of infection, such as:<ul><li>Fever for a few days.</li><li>Short-term diarrhoea.</li><li>A drop in milk production.</li></ul>Infected animals may not survive or require euthanasia due to poor welfare outcomes. This not only causes significant financial losses but also takes an emotional toll on farmers, who invest months of work and care into their livestock.<figure id="figure-lax7zc6zgqm6tnr2h2" class=""><img id="lax7zc6zgqm6tnr2h2" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/ebd7QpcgJNurOYauwm2KB82pcNmkMGQ7NybHRZCfWGWiovtT6UyGfUnvxStqAP4p.jpeg" alt="Semination Cow" title="Semination Cow" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/ebd7QpcgJNurOYauwm2KB82pcNmkMGQ7NybHRZCfWGWiovtT6UyGfUnvxStqAP4p.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Schmallenberg in Ireland: 2024 Surveillance Data</h3> Veterinary officials have confirmed 22 outbreaks of Schmallenberg virus so far in 2024, with cases recorded in counties Galway, Offaly, and Cavan.However, experts believe these numbers may be underreported, as many cases go undiagnosed—especially on farms where stillbirths or deformities are assumed to be natural occurrences rather than the result of viral infection.By reporting suspected cases and submitting samples for laboratory testing, farmers play a crucial role in building an accurate national disease map—allowing authorities to track and contain the virus more effectively.<figure id="figure-rmow12jk3gm6tocqwv" class=""><img id="rmow12jk3gm6tocqwv" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/0ImThdOvCbTs8aTOIRxGZNeGazp32fFxNi9E6r8Wg5stk3TTBUbCq1xNraCtyQ2e.jpeg" alt="Vet Inspecting Cattle Whilst They Are Being Milked" title="Vet Inspecting Cattle Whilst They Are Being Milked" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/0ImThdOvCbTs8aTOIRxGZNeGazp32fFxNi9E6r8Wg5stk3TTBUbCq1xNraCtyQ2e.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Why Veterinary Experts Are Concerned</h3> While Schmallenberg virus is currently the primary concern, veterinary officials are also closely monitoring the potential risk of bluetongue virus (BTV).Bluetongue is another midge-borne disease that affects sheep, cattle, and goats, causing:<ul><li>High fever.</li><li>Swelling of the tongue, lips, and face.</li><li>Mouth ulcers and excessive salivation.</li><li>Difficulty breathing.</li><li>Lameness and muscle stiffness.</li></ul>Bluetongue has not yet been detected in Ireland in 2024, but given recent outbreaks in parts of Europe, Irish farmers are advised to remain alert and report any unusual illness in their livestock.<figure id="figure-m1ikfd9d5cm6tong8l"><img id="m1ikfd9d5cm6tong8l" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/27K4ahAvBYlfoHvyPGyOK8l58mAmQ9iIFCWP6a9AVhNJEk8dYPUZ4jvXPlEYoYVV.jpeg" alt="Exhausted Nurse" title="Exhausted Nurse" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/27K4ahAvBYlfoHvyPGyOK8l58mAmQ9iIFCWP6a9AVhNJEk8dYPUZ4jvXPlEYoYVV.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Financial and Economic Impact on Farmers</h3> For livestock farmers, the impact of Schmallenberg virus goes far beyond the loss of individual animals. It affects farm finances, breeding cycles, and overall productivity, creating wider economic consequences at both farm and industry levels.1. Financial Loss from Stillbirths and Non-Viable Animals: Every stillborn calf or lamb represents months of lost investment. Farmers spend time, resources, and money on breeding, feeding, and caring for pregnant animals, only to see their efforts wasted when Schmallenberg strikes. The loss of even a handful of animals in one season can significantly affect a farm’s income.2. Increased Veterinary Costs: While Schmallenberg virus itself has no cure, diagnosing and managing affected animals can lead to higher veterinary costs. Farmers may need to pay for:Post-mortem examinations to confirm the cause of death Supportive care for weak newborns, including bottle-feeding and medication Euthanasia and disposal costs for severely affected animals These extra expenses add up quickly, placing additional pressure on farm finances.3. Breeding Setbacks and Productivity Loss: Schmallenberg doesn’t just cause immediate losses—it also disrupts future productivity. When breeding animals lose pregnancies or produce deformed offspring, farmers are left with:Fewer replacements for their herd or flock, affecting long-term output Delayed breeding cycles, which can throw off production schedules Lower milk yields in dairy farms, as Schmallenberg can impact cows’ milk production For farms that rely on tight breeding and calving schedules, these setbacks can reduce income for years to come.4. Emotional and Mental Strain: Beyond the financial strain, Schmallenberg virus takes a heavy emotional toll on farmers. The stress and frustration of watching multiple animals suffer or die in one season can be overwhelming. Many farmers describe:A sense of helplessness, knowing there’s no cure or compensation Emotional exhaustion, especially after nursing sick or deformed animals Frustration at the unpredictability of outbreaks, making long-term planning difficult The mental strain of dealing with multiple losses—on top of the usual demands of farming—can take a serious toll on farmers' well-being.5. No Compensation Scheme for Farmers: Unlike some other livestock diseases, there is currently no compensation scheme for Schmallenberg-related losses in Ireland. This means farmers must absorb all financial and emotional costs themselves.Because of this, early detection, reporting, and preventative measures remain the best defence. Farmers who notice unusual deformities or weak newborns should contact their vet or regional veterinary laboratory as soon as possible. Prompt action helps monitor and manage the spread of Schmallenberg virus, ultimately protecting farms and livestock in the long run.<figure id="figure-d6d6m9t7adm6tolcs6" class=""><img id="d6d6m9t7adm6tolcs6" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/38PSh50aa6R69MiAWV0cgwenIHK65RF06bsrC4qM5i45ovlxG2oqhqnT6U17DjkT.jpeg" alt="Lonely Working Farmer Closing the Gate of a Wooden Stable - stock photo" title="Lonely Working Farmer Closing the Gate of a Wooden Stable - stock photo" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/38PSh50aa6R69MiAWV0cgwenIHK65RF06bsrC4qM5i45ovlxG2oqhqnT6U17DjkT.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>Preventative Measures: Reducing the Risk of Infection</h3>Although there is currently no vaccine available for Schmallenberg virus in Ireland, there are several practical stepsfarmers can take to reduce the risk of infection:1. Minimise Midge Exposure:<ul><li>House pregnant animals at dawn and dusk, when midges are most active.</li><li>Use fans in housing areas, as midges are weak fliers and struggle in strong airflow.</li><li>Manage wet or marshy areas where midges breed.</li></ul>2. Use Insect Control Methods: <ul><li>Apply approved insect repellents to vulnerable animals.</li><li>Consider insecticide-treated nets in housing areas.</li></ul>3. Monitor Livestock Closely: <ul><li>Keep detailed breeding and health records to track pregnancies and detect abnormalities early.</li><li>Submit affected animals for testing to confirm Schmallenberg infection. </li></ul>4. Stay Informed on Disease Alerts: <ul><li>Check for updates from the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM).</li><li>Work closely with your vet to develop a herd/flock health plan. </li></ul><figure id="figure-1bmd78jbojm6tot0zv" class=""><img id="1bmd78jbojm6tot0zv" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/25hLCgOBdWLwOZAiMjrUwSImPkvkphyGBnz2ByNOk9efrTcKiIA4hJ74VXd6pB1P.jpeg" alt="Beef Cattle, County Kerry, Ireland" title="Beef Cattle, County Kerry, Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/25hLCgOBdWLwOZAiMjrUwSImPkvkphyGBnz2ByNOk9efrTcKiIA4hJ74VXd6pB1P.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Looking Ahead: Strengthening Ireland’s Livestock Disease Defences</h3> With climate patterns shifting and warmer, wetter conditions lasting longer, Ireland is facing an increasing risk of vector-borne diseases like Schmallenberg. Midge populations—responsible for spreading the virus—are thriving in these milder conditions, extending the window in which livestock can be infected. This means that diseases once considered seasonal threats may become a year-round concern for Irish farmers.Experts warn that Schmallenberg may not be the only challenge on the horizon. Other midge-borne diseases, such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD), have been spreading in parts of Europe, raising concerns about their potential arrival in Ireland.This is why early detection and swift reporting of suspected cases are more important than ever. The more information veterinary authorities have, the better they can track and contain disease outbreaks, protecting not just individual farms, but the wider agricultural sector. Farmers who report cases help build a clearer national picture, allowing for targeted interventions to keep disease under control.Tackling these emerging threats will require a joint effort from farmers, vets, researchers, and agricultural authorities. By working together, sharing information, and investing in disease surveillance, Ireland can stay ahead of the risks and ensure the long-term health and productivity of its livestock industry. Protecting herds and flocks today means securing the future of farming for generations to come.<figure id="figure-vpyd77uw3om6tovxdc" class=""><img id="vpyd77uw3om6tovxdc" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/cLQX47vDXIGJqkqT4NCWYo5Cc0LPkprztcnLLeT0A5QqcUHbrajOhWSpLqO8fZqc.jpeg" alt="Ahead of the herd" title="Ahead of the herd" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/cLQX47vDXIGJqkqT4NCWYo5Cc0LPkprztcnLLeT0A5QqcUHbrajOhWSpLqO8fZqc.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>Schmallenberg virus poses a serious challenge to Irish livestock farmers, particularly during the calving and lambing season. The disease’s devastating impact on newborn animals, coupled with financial losses and emotional strain, underscores the urgent need for vigilance and early detection.By monitoring livestock closely, reporting suspected cases, and implementing preventative measures, farmers can play a vital role in limiting the spread of the virus. With climate change extending midge activity, the risk of vector-borne diseases is likely to grow, making proactive surveillance and industry-wide collaboration more important than ever.Through cooperation between farmers, vets, and agricultural authorities, Ireland can strengthen its defences against Schmallenberg and other emerging threats, safeguarding the future of the national herd and flock for generations to come. At The Informed Farmer Consultancy, we’re here to support you. If you have concerns or need guidance, please don’t hesitate to get in touch—we’re ready to help you protect your livestock and your livelihood. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Blog

Balancing Act: Conserving Europe's Large Carnivores and H...

Irish Live Cattle Exports Surge in Early 2025

The Bitter Truth: Climate Change and the Future of Chocolate

Protecting Livestock: The Importance of Monitoring for Le...

Plastic Straws and Sustainability: A Global Perspective

Farmers on Alert: Reporting Schmallenberg Virus Cases