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A woman with a stone grinder grinds cocoa and prepares cacao for a chocolate drink, Ecuador

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>For many of us, chocolate is more than just a sweet treat. It is a source of comfort, a reward after a long day, or a staple in moments of celebration. Whether it’s a rich bar of dark chocolate, a carefully crafted truffle, or a simple hot chocolate on a cold evening, it is hard to imagine life without it.But this beloved indulgence is under threat. Scientists are warning that climate change is having a profound impact on cacao production, particularly in West Africa, where around 70 per cent of the world’s cacao is grown. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and an increase in pests and diseases are making it harder for farmers to cultivate the cacao beans that are the foundation of every chocolate product.As a result, cocoa prices are soaring, and the long-term availability of chocolate is increasingly uncertain. If we do not take action, chocolate could become a luxury that is out of reach for many.So, what is happening, and what does it mean for the future of chocolate?<figure id="figure-0wsbcwvqyxm7983oy0"><img id="0wsbcwvqyxm7983oy0" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1305123299/photo/the-chocolate-shop-english-market-cork-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Z0LO9ModmRipOiGtictEA9n7d38SHLaF_9sQ15q_C8I=" alt="The Chocolate Shop, English Market - Cork, Ireland" title="The Chocolate Shop, English Market - Cork, Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1305123299/photo/the-chocolate-shop-english-market-cork-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Z0LO9ModmRipOiGtictEA9n7d38SHLaF_9sQ15q_C8I=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>West Africa: The Beating Heart of Chocolate Production</h3>The world’s chocolate supply depends heavily on two countries—Ivory Coast and Ghana. These nations produce more than half of the world’s cacao, but the industry there is facing mounting difficulties.A recent report by Climate Central has revealed that, over the past decade, climate change has added three extra weeks of excessive heat during the main growing season. For cacao trees—plants that thrive in stable, humid conditions—this shift is already proving to be devastating. The additional heat places enormous stress on the trees, weakening their productivity and making them more vulnerable to disease.Farmers are reporting falling yields and increasing crop failures, and with no end in sight to the changing climate, the crisis is deepening.<figure id="figure-znyamg30sqm798evvq"><img id="znyamg30sqm798evvq" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1797773283/photo/cacao-orchard-theobroma-cacao-hawaii-county-hawaii.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=k-wYmdQoHNeOHl8-p9UrhP8mulEbMzgUx31KViDoXJo=" alt="cacao orchard, Theobroma cacao, Hawaii County, Hawaii" title="cacao orchard, Theobroma cacao, Hawaii County, Hawaii" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1797773283/photo/cacao-orchard-theobroma-cacao-hawaii-county-hawaii.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=k-wYmdQoHNeOHl8-p9UrhP8mulEbMzgUx31KViDoXJo=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Perfect Storm: Why Cacao Production is Struggling</h3>The problems facing cacao farmers are not new, but climate change is making them worse. It is amplifying existing challenges, creating a vicious cycle that threatens the long-term viability of the industry.1. Rising Temperatures and Unpredictable Rainfall:Cacao trees are sensitive to environmental changes. They require just the right balance of warmth, shade, and moisture to thrive. But climate change is disrupting this delicate balance.<ul><li>Excessive heat is stressing cacao trees, making them less productive and more susceptible to disease. Some trees are simply dying in the extreme conditions.</li><li>Unreliable rainfall is also causing major problems. Heavy downpours are leading to floods that damage crops, while prolonged dry spells are preventing cacao trees from getting the moisture they need to survive. </li></ul>Farmers who have relied on the same growing patterns for generations are now struggling to predict what each season will bring.2. Pests and Diseases Spreading More Rapidly:Warmer temperatures do not only affect cacao trees—they also encourage the spread of pests and plant diseases. Some of the most serious threats include:<ul><li>Black pod disease, a fungal infection that spreads in humid conditions and can wipe out entire cacao harvests.</li><li>Cacao swollen shoot virus, an insect-borne disease that is already causing devastation in Ghana.</li><li>Capsid bugs, small insects that feed on cacao pods, causing significant damage to crops. </li></ul>Farmers who rely on cacao as their primary source of income often lack the resources to combat these threats, leaving them vulnerable to significant losses.3. Deforestation and Illegal Farming Practices:With declining yields, some farmers are turning to deforestation in an attempt to plant more cacao trees. However, this is only a short-term solution.<ul><li>By cutting down forests, farmers remove the natural shade that helps cacao trees survive extreme heat. In the long run, deforestation worsens climate change, making growing conditions even more difficult.</li><li>Governments and environmental organisations are working to curb illegal farming, but with cacao farming being the backbone of many local economies, solutions are not straightforward.</li></ul><figure id="figure-bosxjeigwam79841gz"><img id="bosxjeigwam79841gz" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/544129290/photo/wicker-baskets-and-cocoa-drying-beans-on-patio-chuao-venezuela.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=qs2kqt8MEzZrCAFRPkyiasHsOu0fiWV2hyxwZWy0V0A=" alt="Wicker baskets and Cocoa drying beans on patio Chuao Venezuela" title="Wicker baskets and Cocoa drying beans on patio Chuao Venezuela" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/544129290/photo/wicker-baskets-and-cocoa-drying-beans-on-patio-chuao-venezuela.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=qs2kqt8MEzZrCAFRPkyiasHsOu0fiWV2hyxwZWy0V0A=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Human Cost: Farmers Are Struggling to Cope</h3>For millions of smallholder farmers in West Africa, cacao farming is not just a job—it is a way of life. Yet, despite producing the raw material for a multi-billion-euro industry, most cacao farmers earn less than €3 a day. A 2020 VOICES Project report found that 60 per cent of cacao farming households in Ivory Coast and Ghana live in poverty, struggling to afford food, healthcare, and education.Climate change is making matters worse. According to Christian Aid, extreme weather events such as droughts, erratic rainfall, and floods have significantly reduced yields. Between 2009 and 2019, Ghana lost 23 per cent of its potential cocoa harvest due to climate stress, while parts of Ivory Coast saw production drop by up to 40 per cent. With limited access to irrigation, pest control, or financial support, many farmers are being pushed to the brink.The younger generation is increasingly unwilling to take on this uncertain livelihood. A World Cocoa Foundation studyfound that over 70 per cent of young people from cacao-farming families in Ghana and Ivory Coast do not want to follow in their parents’ footsteps, opting instead for more stable urban jobs.If this trend continues, the Fairtrade Foundation warns that half of the land currently used for cacao farming could become unsuitable by 2050, threatening the global chocolate supply and driving prices even higher. Without intervention, the world could face not only a shortage of cacao but also the loss of entire farming communities reliant on its production.<figure id="figure-6vkkbbeabm798474j"><img id="6vkkbbeabm798474j" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/34G4CxUOxQwwxtrqQ4Nn3DMifh5o5rZHkhaPUKlncIbrzsdBwZPy5Gtk3ChfrFuS.jpeg" alt="sustainable chocolate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/34G4CxUOxQwwxtrqQ4Nn3DMifh5o5rZHkhaPUKlncIbrzsdBwZPy5Gtk3ChfrFuS.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>A Bitter Reality: The Impact on Chocolate Prices</h3>As cacao production declines, cocoa prices are soaring. In 2024, cocoa prices hit over €5,600 per metric tonne, the highest in nearly 50 years, due to poor harvests in Ivory Coast and Ghana. The International Cocoa Organisation (ICCO) reports that global cocoa production fell by 11 per cent in 2022-2023, with further declines expected.This has forced chocolate manufacturers to increase prices. Mondelez International, owner of Cadbury, raised prices by over 20 per cent in the past year, while Nestlé and Hershey have also warned of continued price hikes. Analysts predict that if current trends persist, chocolate bars could double in price by 2030.But this is not just a cost issue—it is a supply crisis. The Financial Times warns that climate change poses an “existential threat” to cacao farming, with rising temperatures and erratic rainfall expected to make much of West Africa unsuitable for cultivation by 2050. A study by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture estimates that climate change could reduce Ghana and Ivory Coast’s cacao-growing areas by up to 50 per cent within decades. If this happens, chocolate could become a rare and expensive luxury.<figure id="figure-ndaloq3yvghm7996q0y" class=""><img id="ndaloq3yvghm7996q0y" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/182851487/photo/chocolate.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=gSVEzK_6tFfvFvpgnIgHMYtOruSLxI6Yo7Iqbv8kNJ0=" alt="Chocolate" title="Chocolate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/182851487/photo/chocolate.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=gSVEzK_6tFfvFvpgnIgHMYtOruSLxI6Yo7Iqbv8kNJ0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What Can Be Done?</h3> The good news is that there are solutions, and efforts are already underway to protect the future of chocolate. Some of the most promising strategies include:<ul><li>Developing climate-resilient cacao trees: Researchers are working on heat- and drought-resistant cacao varieties. The International Cocoa Genebank has identified over 100 cacao strains with traits that improve resilience, while trials in Brazil and Ghana have shown that some hybrid varieties can increase yields by 30 per cent under extreme conditions.</li><li>Agroforestry techniques: Growing cacao alongside shade trees and other crops can improve soil health, reduce temperature stress, and increase biodiversity. Studies by the World Agroforestry Centre suggest that cacao grown under agroforestry conditions can improve yields by 15-40 per cent and make farms more resilient to extreme weather.</li><li>Fairer supply chains: Currently, many cacao farmers earn less than 6 per cent of the final retail price of chocolate. Initiatives like the Living Income Differential (LID), introduced in 2019 by Ghana and Ivory Coast, aim to ensure that farmers receive a higher price for their cacao. Early reports show that the scheme has improved incomes for over a million farmers, though enforcement remains a challenge.</li><li>Efforts to curb deforestation: The Cocoa &amp; Forests Initiative, backed by major chocolate companies, has helped restore over 465,000 hectares of forest in West Africa since 2017. Satellite monitoring and stricter land-use policies are also being introduced to protect the rainforests that provide crucial shade and moisture for cacao farms.</li></ul> However, these solutions require significant investment, research, and global cooperation. Without stronger commitments from governments, businesses, and consumers, the challenges facing cacao farmers—and the future of chocolate—will only intensify.<figure id="figure-flqcw4om7m799w4y8" class=""><img id="flqcw4om7m799w4y8" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1142900411/photo/one-step-in-making-chocolate.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=6aHJAuSvoHcZ-7sHsL191JRsrAC8if9xgFWiS4o9Jk0=" alt="One Step in Making Chocolate" title="One Step in Making Chocolate" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1142900411/photo/one-step-in-making-chocolate.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=6aHJAuSvoHcZ-7sHsL191JRsrAC8if9xgFWiS4o9Jk0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Chocolate has been a source of joy for generations, but its future is far from certain. Climate change is making cacao farming increasingly difficult, with extreme heat, erratic rainfall, and pests putting immense pressure on farmers. In West Africa, where most of the world’s cacao is grown, production is already declining, forcing up prices and threatening the livelihoods of millions. If this continues, chocolate could become a luxury that few can afford.But there is still time to change course. Scientists, farmers, and industry leaders are working on solutions—from climate-resilient cacao trees to more sustainable farming methods and fairer prices for growers. Governments, businesses, and consumers all have a role to play in supporting these efforts.The future of chocolate depends on the action we take now. By choosing ethical brands, supporting sustainable farming, and pushing for policies that protect farmers and the environment, we can help ensure that chocolate remains a treat for generations to come. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

The Bitter Truth: Climate Change and the Future of Chocolate

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>As spring turns to summer, farmers across Ireland and the UK are preparing to release their livestock onto fresh pasture. However, this seasonal transition brings a heightened risk of lead poisoning, particularly for cattle and sheep. Young calves, being naturally curious, are especially vulnerable to ingesting lead-containing materials, which can have severe, often fatal, consequences.In 2023, 18 cattle deaths were reported due to lead poisoning, with most cases occurring in late spring and early summer. This isn’t a new problem—historical data shows that lead poisoning has been a recurring issue for decades, particularly in areas where old machinery, paint, and batteries have been left unattended in fields.With the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM) warning of increased risks this year, farmers are being urged to check their land for potential sources of contamination before livestock are turned out. A quick field inspection now could save lives, prevent financial loss, and protect the integrity of the food chain.<figure id="figure-i8nsjau7esm6zd8j4d" class=""><img id="i8nsjau7esm6zd8j4d" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2152654911/photo/treatment-to-combat-foot-and-mouth-disease.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=1glLZYf2nu_dHxr1xKq_r3jjcHsY_OcX4gDMdn4MqZo=" alt="treatment to combat foot-and-mouth disease" title="treatment to combat foot-and-mouth disease" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2152654911/photo/treatment-to-combat-foot-and-mouth-disease.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=1glLZYf2nu_dHxr1xKq_r3jjcHsY_OcX4gDMdn4MqZo=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Understanding Lead Poisoning in Livestock</h3> Lead is a highly toxic metal that accumulates in the body over time. Unlike some other farm hazards, lead poisoning isn’t always obvious—livestock can be exposed without a farmer realising until symptoms appear.The most common sources of lead on farms include:<ul><li>Old car and tractor batteries: These are responsible for over 50% of lead poisoning cases in cattle. Even a 250g fragment from a lead-acid battery can be enough to kill a calf.</li><li>Flaking lead-based paint: Often found on old farm buildings, gates, or machinery. Many structures built before 1992 used lead-based paint, which deteriorates over time.</li><li>Contaminated soil and water: Lead can persist in soil for over 100 years, particularly in areas near old buildings, industrial sites, or pastures previously used for dumping waste.</li><li>Scrap metal and lead debris: Small, corroded bits of lead from pipes, roofing materials, or old repairs may not look dangerous, but they can be lethal if ingested.</li></ul> Once ingested, lead enters the bloodstream and accumulates in the liver, kidneys, and bones. Even if an animal survives, it may never fully recover, suffering from long-term health and reproductive issues.<figure id="figure-01hfpzoe4pm6zdbb22" class=""><img id="01hfpzoe4pm6zdbb22" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/472092185/photo/abandoned-tractor.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=hguVsi9QiQZHbgB1Gg08x9aDrog6vpjBc7oGp0hfb6g=" alt="Abandoned Tractor" title="Abandoned Tractor" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/472092185/photo/abandoned-tractor.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=hguVsi9QiQZHbgB1Gg08x9aDrog6vpjBc7oGp0hfb6g=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Signs of Lead Poisoning in Cattle and Sheep</h3> Recognising early symptoms of lead poisoning is critical to preventing further losses. Keep an eye out for:<ul><li>Unsteady movement: Staggering, muscle tremors, or struggling to stand.</li><li>Neurological signs: Blindness, head pressing, or seizures.</li><li>Behavioural changes: Unusual aggression, excessive salivation, or confusion.</li><li>Digestive issues: Loss of appetite, bloating, or diarrhoea.</li><li>Sudden death: In severe cases, lead poisoning can cause rapid deterioration within 24-48 hours.</li></ul> Studies by Teagasc show that nearly 40% of lead poisoning cases in cattle go undiagnosed until after death. A blood test confirming lead levels above 0.3 ppm (parts per million) is needed for a diagnosis.If lead poisoning is suspected, isolate the affected animal immediately and contact a vet. In some cases, calcium EDTA injections can help remove lead from the bloodstream, but once lead is absorbed into the organs, there is no effective cure.<figure id="figure-d38cfzglgsm6zdigun" class=""><img id="d38cfzglgsm6zdigun" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1168143583/photo/vet-checking-newborn-calf.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=K9L87_85Zmm2O2nGaznNy68SayzWDAwtcCU3COwgsDA=" alt="Vet Checking newborn calf" title="Vet Checking newborn calf" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1168143583/photo/vet-checking-newborn-calf.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=K9L87_85Zmm2O2nGaznNy68SayzWDAwtcCU3COwgsDA=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Public Health Risks and the Food Chain</h3> Lead poisoning doesn’t just affect livestock—it can have serious implications for human health if contaminated meat or milk enters the food chain.The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) warns that even low levels of lead exposure can lead to:<ul><li>Neurological damage: particularly in infants and young children.</li><li>Kidney and liver dysfunction: increasing the risk of chronic disease.</li><li>Cardiovascular issues: as long-term exposure has been linked to high blood pressure.</li></ul> Because of these risks: the maximum residue limit (MRL) for lead in food has been strictly reduced in recent years:<ul><li>0.02 mg/kg in milk.</li><li>0.1 mg/kg in meat.</li></ul> If lead is detected on a farm, movement restrictions may be imposed while animals undergo multiple tests to ensure safety. This can cause significant financial losses for farmers, affecting both milk and beef sales.<figure id="figure-kberwtbngvm6zdn19l" class=""><img id="kberwtbngvm6zdn19l" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1181238052/photo/friesian-cattle-on-a-road-in-tipperary-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=eTFM8klxD9XbrJtgLhFu33Xp8izqlSNckFdxKhASTis=" alt="Friesian cattle on a road in Tipperary, Ireland." title="Friesian cattle on a road in Tipperary, Ireland." class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1181238052/photo/friesian-cattle-on-a-road-in-tipperary-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=eTFM8klxD9XbrJtgLhFu33Xp8izqlSNckFdxKhASTis=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>How to Protect Your Livestock from Lead Poisoning</h3> The best approach to lead poisoning is prevention. Farmers can take simple but effective steps to reduce the risk:1. Inspect Pastures Before Turnout: <ul><li>Check hedgerows, ditches, and fields for discarded batteries, scrap metal, and old machinery parts.</li><li>Pay special attention to areas near farm buildings, old sheds, or boundary fences where lead-based materials may be present.</li></ul>2. Safely Dispose of Lead Materials:<ul><li>Take old tractor and car batteries to licensed recycling centres—these should never be stored in the open.</li><li>If you suspect lead-based paint on buildings, gates, or feeding troughs, consider sealing or replacing it with safe alternatives.</li></ul> 3. Monitor Livestock for Early Signs of Poisoning:<ul><li>Young calves are the most vulnerable—observe their behaviour closely after turnout.</li><li>If any animals show symptoms, contact a vet immediately for testing and treatment.</li></ul> 4. Be Aware of Food Safety Regulations:<ul><li>Farms affected by lead poisoning must comply with DAFM and EFSA guidelines.</li><li>If lead contamination is confirmed, meat and dairy products from affected animals may need to be destroyed. &nbsp; </li></ul><figure id="figure-a8kyalf8sdm6zfeorr" class=""><img id="a8kyalf8sdm6zfeorr" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1337352432/photo/flock-of-sheep-and-cattle-in-bayanbulak-prairie.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=r7fImR8GrUa_VAogAFkQcD7Q1MFz3gTB1urZMETg8ig=" alt="flock of sheep and cattle in Bayanbulak prairie" title="flock of sheep and cattle in Bayanbulak prairie" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1337352432/photo/flock-of-sheep-and-cattle-in-bayanbulak-prairie.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=r7fImR8GrUa_VAogAFkQcD7Q1MFz3gTB1urZMETg8ig=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>How The Informed Farmer Consultancy Can Help</h3> At The Informed Farmer Consultancy, we understand that farm safety and livestock health are top priorities. Dealing with hidden risks like lead contamination can be overwhelming, and we’re here to help.If you’re uncertain about how to assess your pastures, need advice on lead disposal, or have concerns about compliance with food safety regulations, our team of agricultural and sustainability experts can provide:<ul><li>&nbsp;On-farm risk assessments to identify potential lead hazards.</li><li>&nbsp;Practical guidance on lead disposal and pasture management.</li><li>Support with compliance, food safety, and movement restrictions.</li></ul>A proactive approach to farm safety can prevent devastating losses, protect your animals, and ensure the long-term sustainability of your farm.<figure id="figure-mq15vj8becm6zfk4b5" class=""><img id="mq15vj8becm6zfk4b5" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/884527728/photo/he-loves-his-milk.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=6vp-hBuAAGJdI0c7US65yhqbgQrVsMjdLHtAIgXS9hc=" alt="He loves his milk" title="He loves his milk" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/884527728/photo/he-loves-his-milk.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=6vp-hBuAAGJdI0c7US65yhqbgQrVsMjdLHtAIgXS9hc=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Lead poisoning in livestock is a preventable but serious issue. Every year, avoidable cases lead to animal deaths, financial loss, and food chain concerns.With a few simple precautions, such as inspecting pastures, safely disposing of hazardous materials, and monitoring livestock for early symptoms, farmers can greatly reduce the risk of lead exposure.A few minutes of vigilance today could save a lifetime of trouble tomorrow.For further support, contact The Informed Farmer Consultancy, your local vet, or the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Protecting Livestock: The Importance of Monitoring for Lead Poisoning

Modern reusable steel and paper drinking straws as alternative replacement for plastic drinking straw.

<h3>Introduction</h3>U.S. President Donald Trump has announced plans to reverse the Biden administration’s push for eco-friendly paper straws, stating that he intends to reinstate plastic straws via an upcoming Executive Order. This move, in line with his previous stance on environmental deregulation, has reignited discussions about sustainability, single-use plastics, and international efforts to reduce plastic waste.At first glance, the debate over straws may seem trivial. However, it highlights a much broader conversation about balancing environmental responsibility with practicality, consumer preferences, and the effectiveness of government policies in tackling climate challenges.<figure id="figure-9qul2miitem6z9i4b2"><img id="9qul2miitem6z9i4b2" src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/19nmnqIgieUgCoJytDgRDdDqM3AqQx3nNaIIZICbBKm2Rd82sT2wI8FxrtsSlEfN.png" alt="plastic straws" title="plastic straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/blocks/19nmnqIgieUgCoJytDgRDdDqM3AqQx3nNaIIZICbBKm2Rd82sT2wI8FxrtsSlEfN.png" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Plastic Straws and the Environmental Challenge</h3> Plastic straws are a small but highly visible component of the global plastic waste crisis. Most plastic straws are made from polypropylene, a petroleum-based material that does not biodegrade. Instead, it breaks down into microplastics, which persist in the environment for hundreds of years. Unlike other waste, plastic straws are difficult to recycle due to their small size and lightweight nature, meaning they often end up in landfills, oceans, and waterways.According to research by the World Economic Forum, an estimated 8 to 12 million tonnes of plastic enter the oceans every year. A study published in Science Advances found that plastic straws account for around 0.025% of ocean plastic pollution, a relatively small percentage but still a significant contributor. High-profile cases, such as the widely shared video of a sea turtle with a plastic straw lodged in its nostril, have propelled the issue into public consciousness, leading to widespread calls for action.<figure id="figure-62hq63p34km6z9i9py"><img id="62hq63p34km6z9i9py" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1214545391/photo/glass-paper-and-plastic-straws-in-jar.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Mb1pfwBoku5bam1aenDIqleolrbIFSPPF2n29ZBi9PM=" alt="Glass, paper and plastic straws in jar" title="Glass, paper and plastic straws in jar" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1214545391/photo/glass-paper-and-plastic-straws-in-jar.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Mb1pfwBoku5bam1aenDIqleolrbIFSPPF2n29ZBi9PM=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Regulatory Approaches: The U.S. and Beyond</h3> The Biden administration previously supported initiatives to reduce single-use plastics, including federal guidelines encouraging paper straws and other biodegradable alternatives. In contrast, Trump’s decision to reverse this approach aligns with his broader stance on deregulation. His campaign has also commercialised the issue, selling plastic straws as merchandise, appealing to voters who view environmental policies as government overreach.The U.S. is not alone in debating the role of environmental regulations in daily life. In contrast to Trump's stance, the European Union has taken a much firmer approach. Under the Single-Use Plastics Directive (SUPD), introduced in 2019 and implemented in 2021, the EU banned plastic straws, cutlery, and stirrers, among other disposable plastic items. The directive aims to reduce the most common types of marine plastic pollution and promote a shift towards reusable and compostable alternatives.<figure id="figure-oe168dmg5km6z9iitx"><img id="oe168dmg5km6z9iitx" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1010342290/photo/reusable-glass-jar-full-of-stainless-steel-straws.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=D4b30-edc_26dUEJlw6q80qB0nL98osE_kBndx4kJVk=" alt="Reusable glass jar full of stainless steel straws" title="Reusable glass jar full of stainless steel straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1010342290/photo/reusable-glass-jar-full-of-stainless-steel-straws.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=D4b30-edc_26dUEJlw6q80qB0nL98osE_kBndx4kJVk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Ireland’s Leadership in Sustainability</h3> Ireland has positioned itself as a leader in sustainability within the EU, actively advancing policies to reduce plastic waste. The Irish government introduced the Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy (2020-2025), which aligns with EU directives and sets ambitious targets for plastic reduction. The plan focuses on phasing out single-use plastics, improving recycling systems, and fostering a circular economy that reduces waste at the source.One of Ireland’s most significant sustainability successes was the introduction of the plastic bag levy in 2002, which led to a 90% reduction in plastic bag usage within a year. More recently, Ireland launched its Deposit Return Scheme (DRS) in 2024, which encourages recycling by placing a refundable deposit on plastic bottles and aluminium cans. Similar schemes have proven highly effective in countries such as Germany and Sweden, achieving recycling rates of over 90%.<figure id="figure-32odtm53um6za6wjy" class=""><img id="32odtm53um6za6wjy" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2151069488/photo/the-green-dustbin-by-the-street-is-overflowing-with-rubbish.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Qbf1XT-2JQIYbEeTby_NB9R6lAAqxstVH7ZhWLnsYz4=" alt="The green dustbin by the street is overflowing with rubbish" title="The green dustbin by the street is overflowing with rubbish" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2151069488/photo/the-green-dustbin-by-the-street-is-overflowing-with-rubbish.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Qbf1XT-2JQIYbEeTby_NB9R6lAAqxstVH7ZhWLnsYz4=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Consumer Preferences and the Role of Innovation</h3> While plastic straws have clear environmental downsides, their alternatives have also faced criticism. Paper straws, for example, are known to become soggy in drinks, a common complaint among consumers. Some alternatives, such as metal and silicone straws, offer durability and reusability but are more expensive and less practical for large-scale adoption in fast-food and beverage industries.The challenge lies in finding materials that balance sustainability with convenience. Some businesses have turned to biodegradable plastic straws made from polylactic acid (PLA), derived from corn starch, which decomposes under industrial composting conditions. Others are exploring emerging innovations, such as seaweed-based straws, which are both biodegradable and durable. However, scaling up production of these alternatives remains a challenge due to costs and the need for supportive infrastructure, such as industrial composting facilities.<figure id="figure-0za719l21gm6za8ev2" class=""><img id="0za719l21gm6za8ev2" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1267626734/photo/paper-straws.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=0ErMjVDmATz2AQ0Ftcc8nObOT7Ujcyf9R51X7dma1Dk=" alt="Paper straws" title="Paper straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1267626734/photo/paper-straws.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=0ErMjVDmATz2AQ0Ftcc8nObOT7Ujcyf9R51X7dma1Dk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>Looking Ahead: The Future of Single-Use Plastics</h3> Globally, there is growing recognition that reducing plastic waste requires more than just banning individual products. The European Green Deal, which aims to make the EU climate-neutral by 2050, places a strong emphasis on transitioning away from fossil-fuel-based plastics. Measures include reducing plastic packaging waste by 15% by 2040 and mandating increased recycled content in plastic products.For Ireland and other EU nations, the focus is shifting towards extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes, which require manufacturers to take greater accountability for the entire lifecycle of their products. Such policies encourage the development of packaging and materials that are designed to be more recyclable and sustainable from the outset.Meanwhile, in the U.S., regulatory approaches remain fragmented. Some states, such as California and New York, have enacted their own bans on plastic straws and other single-use plastics, while others have taken a more lenient stance. The potential reinstatement of plastic straws at the federal level under a Trump administration would represent a departure from the global trend towards stricter plastic regulations.<figure id="figure-m6z47imdjdm6zai5q1"><img id="m6z47imdjdm6zai5q1" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1129075028/photo/stainless-steel-straws.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=F6dSYfy9nwmJiyaQVajVRnFz2mSzZ7BiCY0yN-yg64E=" alt="stainless steel straws" title="stainless steel straws" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1129075028/photo/stainless-steel-straws.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=F6dSYfy9nwmJiyaQVajVRnFz2mSzZ7BiCY0yN-yg64E=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Trump’s proposed reversal of paper straw policies in the U.S. is part of a larger discussion about how governments approach sustainability and environmental regulations. While plastic straws represent a small fraction of global plastic pollution, their prominence in public discourse reflects the broader challenges of reducing reliance on single-use plastics.The EU and Ireland continue to pursue ambitious sustainability goals, with policies aimed at fostering a circular economy and reducing plastic waste. However, transitioning to a more sustainable future will require ongoing investment in new materials, improved waste management systems, and consumer education.As governments and businesses navigate these challenges, the focus must remain on long-term solutions that balance environmental responsibility with practical implementation. Whether through regulations, innovation, or shifts in consumer behaviour, the goal remains the same: reducing plastic waste and moving towards a more sustainable future. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Plastic Straws and Sustainability: A Global Perspective

Veterinarian inspecting livestock on pasture

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>With the calving and lambing season in full swing, farmers across Ireland are being urged to stay vigilant for signs of Schmallenberg virus (SBV)—a disease that can cause severe birth deformities and stillbirths in calves and lambs.The call comes from regional veterinary laboratories, which have heightened surveillance efforts this spring amid concerns over vector-borne livestock diseases. This follows confirmed Schmallenberg cases in 12 cattle herds and 10 sheep flocks across counties Galway, Offaly, and Cavan. While Schmallenberg is the primary focus, experts are also monitoring the potential risk of bluetongue virus (BTV), another midge-borne disease that could threaten Irish livestock.<figure id="figure-25zn8owofum6tnqx6w"><img id="25zn8owofum6tnqx6w" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/87ZjIQZ5Ojsjtd4XkFUxqcMdKAbQTzZSVqUw32guKJtgQAyTXDlYXeUKrXFtx5Ny.jpeg" alt="livestock virus" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/87ZjIQZ5Ojsjtd4XkFUxqcMdKAbQTzZSVqUw32guKJtgQAyTXDlYXeUKrXFtx5Ny.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>Understanding Schmallenberg Virus: What Farmers Need to Know</h3> Schmallenberg virus was first identified in Germany and the Netherlands in 2011 and spread rapidly across Europe, reaching Ireland in 2012. The virus is primarily transmitted by biting midges, which thrive in warm and humid conditions, particularly from late summer to early autumn.In most cases, adult cattle and sheep infected with the virus show no clear symptoms. However, when pregnant animals are infected in the early stages of gestation, the virus crosses the placenta, leading to severe malformations in the developing foetus.<figure id="figure-xucqp2oygfm6to5loq"><img id="xucqp2oygfm6to5loq" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/875237010/photo/its-only-the-best-for-these-cows.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=IWpLk3tZu0FzYXeT2o9CvBiiQayRsK46RX6Y0Oc4NbI=" alt="It's only the best for these cows" title="It's only the best for these cows" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/875237010/photo/its-only-the-best-for-these-cows.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=IWpLk3tZu0FzYXeT2o9CvBiiQayRsK46RX6Y0Oc4NbI=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>Symptoms and Impact on Livestock</h3>Schmallenberg virus is a silent but devastating disease, and its most heartbreaking effects are seen during calving and lambing season. Farmers should stay alert for the following signs in their livestock:1. Stillbirths or Weak Newborns: One of the first signs of Schmallenberg on a farm is an increase in stillborn calves or lambs. Those that are born alive may appear weak, uncoordinated, or unable to stand and suckle. They might:<ul><li>Struggle to lift their heads or latch onto their mother.</li><li>Seem wobbly or unable to control their limbs.</li><li>Fade quickly, even with human intervention.</li><li>Despite farmers' best efforts, many of these newborns do not survive, leading to both financial losses and emotional distress.</li></ul>2. Severe Birth Deformities: Schmallenberg can cause serious malformations in calves and lambs, making movement and survival impossible. These include:<ul><li>Twisted necks or bent limbs, leaving animals unable to stand.</li><li>Fused joints, meaning they can’t move properly.</li><li>Curved spines, which affect balance and coordination.</li><li>In many cases, these animals have no chance of survival, leaving farmers with the difficult decision to put them down humanely.</li></ul>3. Brain and Spinal Cord Issues: Some affected newborns also suffer from neurological damage, which can cause:<ul><li>Paralysis or lack of muscle control.</li><li>Head tremors or seizures.</li><li>Blindness or failure to recognise their surroundings.</li><li>These animals often require round-the-clock care but rarely improve, making survival unlikely.</li></ul>4. Mild Symptoms in Adult Cattle: Unlike newborns, adult cattle may only show mild, temporary signs of infection, such as:<ul><li>Fever for a few days.</li><li>Short-term diarrhoea.</li><li>A drop in milk production.</li></ul>Infected animals may not survive or require euthanasia due to poor welfare outcomes. This not only causes significant financial losses but also takes an emotional toll on farmers, who invest months of work and care into their livestock.<figure id="figure-lax7zc6zgqm6tnr2h2" class=""><img id="lax7zc6zgqm6tnr2h2" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/183797378/photo/semination-cow.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=eHAJGn_Ici1NOFVN_ue09Y6tPHbdNppnJY95m0kKzRE=" alt="Semination Cow" title="Semination Cow" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/183797378/photo/semination-cow.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=eHAJGn_Ici1NOFVN_ue09Y6tPHbdNppnJY95m0kKzRE=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Schmallenberg in Ireland: 2024 Surveillance Data</h3> Veterinary officials have confirmed 22 outbreaks of Schmallenberg virus so far in 2024, with cases recorded in counties Galway, Offaly, and Cavan.However, experts believe these numbers may be underreported, as many cases go undiagnosed—especially on farms where stillbirths or deformities are assumed to be natural occurrences rather than the result of viral infection.By reporting suspected cases and submitting samples for laboratory testing, farmers play a crucial role in building an accurate national disease map—allowing authorities to track and contain the virus more effectively.<figure id="figure-rmow12jk3gm6tocqwv" class=""><img id="rmow12jk3gm6tocqwv" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1141589656/photo/vet-inspecting-cattle-whilst-they-are-being-milked.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=je_RJO3oDgiTWe7GPySpFmiJxI1gRZcYdTFwIgCUkkA=" alt="Vet Inspecting Cattle Whilst They Are Being Milked" title="Vet Inspecting Cattle Whilst They Are Being Milked" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1141589656/photo/vet-inspecting-cattle-whilst-they-are-being-milked.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=je_RJO3oDgiTWe7GPySpFmiJxI1gRZcYdTFwIgCUkkA=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Why Veterinary Experts Are Concerned</h3> While Schmallenberg virus is currently the primary concern, veterinary officials are also closely monitoring the potential risk of bluetongue virus (BTV).Bluetongue is another midge-borne disease that affects sheep, cattle, and goats, causing:<ul><li>High fever.</li><li>Swelling of the tongue, lips, and face.</li><li>Mouth ulcers and excessive salivation.</li><li>Difficulty breathing.</li><li>Lameness and muscle stiffness.</li></ul>Bluetongue has not yet been detected in Ireland in 2024, but given recent outbreaks in parts of Europe, Irish farmers are advised to remain alert and report any unusual illness in their livestock.<figure id="figure-m1ikfd9d5cm6tong8l"><img id="m1ikfd9d5cm6tong8l" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1212628888/photo/exhausted-nurse.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=3mtMgGJkyPpsIWh5RQNE0WTVtbRj8vAJOqEoYuGu6CU=" alt="Exhausted Nurse" title="Exhausted Nurse" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1212628888/photo/exhausted-nurse.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=3mtMgGJkyPpsIWh5RQNE0WTVtbRj8vAJOqEoYuGu6CU=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Financial and Economic Impact on Farmers</h3> For livestock farmers, the impact of Schmallenberg virus goes far beyond the loss of individual animals. It affects farm finances, breeding cycles, and overall productivity, creating wider economic consequences at both farm and industry levels.1. Financial Loss from Stillbirths and Non-Viable Animals: Every stillborn calf or lamb represents months of lost investment. Farmers spend time, resources, and money on breeding, feeding, and caring for pregnant animals, only to see their efforts wasted when Schmallenberg strikes. The loss of even a handful of animals in one season can significantly affect a farm’s income.2. Increased Veterinary Costs: While Schmallenberg virus itself has no cure, diagnosing and managing affected animals can lead to higher veterinary costs. Farmers may need to pay for:Post-mortem examinations to confirm the cause of death Supportive care for weak newborns, including bottle-feeding and medication Euthanasia and disposal costs for severely affected animals These extra expenses add up quickly, placing additional pressure on farm finances.3. Breeding Setbacks and Productivity Loss: Schmallenberg doesn’t just cause immediate losses—it also disrupts future productivity. When breeding animals lose pregnancies or produce deformed offspring, farmers are left with:Fewer replacements for their herd or flock, affecting long-term output Delayed breeding cycles, which can throw off production schedules Lower milk yields in dairy farms, as Schmallenberg can impact cows’ milk production For farms that rely on tight breeding and calving schedules, these setbacks can reduce income for years to come.4. Emotional and Mental Strain: Beyond the financial strain, Schmallenberg virus takes a heavy emotional toll on farmers. The stress and frustration of watching multiple animals suffer or die in one season can be overwhelming. Many farmers describe:A sense of helplessness, knowing there’s no cure or compensation Emotional exhaustion, especially after nursing sick or deformed animals Frustration at the unpredictability of outbreaks, making long-term planning difficult The mental strain of dealing with multiple losses—on top of the usual demands of farming—can take a serious toll on farmers' well-being.5. No Compensation Scheme for Farmers: Unlike some other livestock diseases, there is currently no compensation scheme for Schmallenberg-related losses in Ireland. This means farmers must absorb all financial and emotional costs themselves.Because of this, early detection, reporting, and preventative measures remain the best defence. Farmers who notice unusual deformities or weak newborns should contact their vet or regional veterinary laboratory as soon as possible. Prompt action helps monitor and manage the spread of Schmallenberg virus, ultimately protecting farms and livestock in the long run.<figure id="figure-d6d6m9t7adm6tolcs6" class=""><img id="d6d6m9t7adm6tolcs6" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1191565792/photo/lonely-working-farmer-closing-the-gate-of-a-wooden-stable-stock-photo.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=9SZ3qIoU1dh3OpXCPcIT6YGlTxdJmdoBLvLZ92T3dP0=" alt="Lonely Working Farmer Closing the Gate of a Wooden Stable - stock photo" title="Lonely Working Farmer Closing the Gate of a Wooden Stable - stock photo" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1191565792/photo/lonely-working-farmer-closing-the-gate-of-a-wooden-stable-stock-photo.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=9SZ3qIoU1dh3OpXCPcIT6YGlTxdJmdoBLvLZ92T3dP0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>Preventative Measures: Reducing the Risk of Infection</h3>Although there is currently no vaccine available for Schmallenberg virus in Ireland, there are several practical stepsfarmers can take to reduce the risk of infection:1. Minimise Midge Exposure:<ul><li>House pregnant animals at dawn and dusk, when midges are most active.</li><li>Use fans in housing areas, as midges are weak fliers and struggle in strong airflow.</li><li>Manage wet or marshy areas where midges breed.</li></ul>2. Use Insect Control Methods: <ul><li>Apply approved insect repellents to vulnerable animals.</li><li>Consider insecticide-treated nets in housing areas.</li></ul>3. Monitor Livestock Closely: <ul><li>Keep detailed breeding and health records to track pregnancies and detect abnormalities early.</li><li>Submit affected animals for testing to confirm Schmallenberg infection. </li></ul>4. Stay Informed on Disease Alerts: <ul><li>Check for updates from the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (DAFM).</li><li>Work closely with your vet to develop a herd/flock health plan. </li></ul><figure id="figure-1bmd78jbojm6tot0zv" class=""><img id="1bmd78jbojm6tot0zv" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1051724606/photo/beef-cattle-county-kerry-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vbnoiMShcVt9DCg6wL-IoXnPt4OeQbp0RH0chKaAJwA=" alt="Beef Cattle, County Kerry, Ireland" title="Beef Cattle, County Kerry, Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1051724606/photo/beef-cattle-county-kerry-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vbnoiMShcVt9DCg6wL-IoXnPt4OeQbp0RH0chKaAJwA=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Looking Ahead: Strengthening Ireland’s Livestock Disease Defences</h3> With climate patterns shifting and warmer, wetter conditions lasting longer, Ireland is facing an increasing risk of vector-borne diseases like Schmallenberg. Midge populations—responsible for spreading the virus—are thriving in these milder conditions, extending the window in which livestock can be infected. This means that diseases once considered seasonal threats may become a year-round concern for Irish farmers.Experts warn that Schmallenberg may not be the only challenge on the horizon. Other midge-borne diseases, such as bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD), have been spreading in parts of Europe, raising concerns about their potential arrival in Ireland.This is why early detection and swift reporting of suspected cases are more important than ever. The more information veterinary authorities have, the better they can track and contain disease outbreaks, protecting not just individual farms, but the wider agricultural sector. Farmers who report cases help build a clearer national picture, allowing for targeted interventions to keep disease under control.Tackling these emerging threats will require a joint effort from farmers, vets, researchers, and agricultural authorities. By working together, sharing information, and investing in disease surveillance, Ireland can stay ahead of the risks and ensure the long-term health and productivity of its livestock industry. Protecting herds and flocks today means securing the future of farming for generations to come.<figure id="figure-vpyd77uw3om6tovxdc" class=""><img id="vpyd77uw3om6tovxdc" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/888067290/photo/ahead-of-the-herd.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=pIubwfWnL_UkO4sY_tioD11717CzS5WJ_M1gQmbLqGY=" alt="Ahead of the herd" title="Ahead of the herd" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/888067290/photo/ahead-of-the-herd.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=pIubwfWnL_UkO4sY_tioD11717CzS5WJ_M1gQmbLqGY=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>Schmallenberg virus poses a serious challenge to Irish livestock farmers, particularly during the calving and lambing season. The disease’s devastating impact on newborn animals, coupled with financial losses and emotional strain, underscores the urgent need for vigilance and early detection.By monitoring livestock closely, reporting suspected cases, and implementing preventative measures, farmers can play a vital role in limiting the spread of the virus. With climate change extending midge activity, the risk of vector-borne diseases is likely to grow, making proactive surveillance and industry-wide collaboration more important than ever.Through cooperation between farmers, vets, and agricultural authorities, Ireland can strengthen its defences against Schmallenberg and other emerging threats, safeguarding the future of the national herd and flock for generations to come. At The Informed Farmer Consultancy, we’re here to support you. If you have concerns or need guidance, please don’t hesitate to get in touch—we’re ready to help you protect your livestock and your livelihood. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Farmers on Alert: Reporting Schmallenberg Virus Cases

<h3>Introduction</h3>Ireland's commitment to renewable energy has yielded significant economic and environmental benefits. A comprehensive report by international energy consultants Baringa, commissioned by Wind Energy Ireland, reveals that since 2000, wind and solar farms have saved Irish electricity consumers approximately €840 million.This achievement highlights the importance of continued investment in renewable infrastructure. Despite the €6 billion spent on network costs and government subsidies, the return on investment has been overwhelmingly positive. The report underscores how renewables have shielded consumers from the volatility of fossil fuel prices, particularly in the last four years, when homegrown renewables have saved the average Irish electricity customer €320 per person on their bills.But this is only the beginning. If Ireland reaches its target of 80% renewable electricity by 2030, the country could unlock an additional €640 million in annual savings, ensuring further economic and environmental stability.<figure id="figure-tlw17zksw6m6qsb5ho"><img id="tlw17zksw6m6qsb5ho" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/152181224/photo/alternative-energy-by-the-sea.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=SL42bg5ZahbxTW4LNKzfOHKrRm00wl4of02U8eAtQwU=" alt="Alternative energy by the sea" title="Alternative energy by the sea" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/152181224/photo/alternative-energy-by-the-sea.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=SL42bg5ZahbxTW4LNKzfOHKrRm00wl4of02U8eAtQwU=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Financial Benefits of Renewable Energy</h3> One of the key advantages of renewable energy lies in its cost-effectiveness. The substantial savings enjoyed by Irish consumers are primarily due to the low operational costs of wind and solar power. Unlike fossil fuel-based power generation, renewables require no fuel, meaning they can displace more expensive gas and coal-fired generators in the electricity market. This in turn drives down wholesale electricity prices, resulting in lower energy costs for households and businesses.Additionally, Ireland's reliance on imported fossil fuels exposes consumers to price fluctuations in global markets. In recent years, geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions have led to unpredictable spikes in energy prices. By expanding Ireland’s wind and solar capacity, the country can reduce its dependence on imports and stabilise electricity costs in the long run.<figure id="figure-0ptg5c0fyrm6qsbaul"><img id="0ptg5c0fyrm6qsbaul" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/26NuoFfFLF2dUBHnudgwtS6Lvtf5wq69C8k46m7JNpVSUlWdAeFp4JTLeUcfyntQ.jpeg" alt="solar panels Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/26NuoFfFLF2dUBHnudgwtS6Lvtf5wq69C8k46m7JNpVSUlWdAeFp4JTLeUcfyntQ.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>Environmental Impact</h3> Beyond the financial savings, the transition to renewable energy has delivered substantial environmental benefits. Since 2000, Ireland’s adoption of wind and solar power has:<ul><li>Prevented the burning of €7.4 billion worth of fossil fuels: reducing reliance on volatile global markets and strengthening national energy security.</li><li>Avoided over 47 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions: which is equivalent to removing nearly 10 million cars from the road for an entire year.</li></ul> The urgency of climate action has never been greater. Ireland has legally committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, in line with EU climate goals and the Paris Agreement. Expanding renewable energy generation is one of the most effective ways to cut carbon emissions and move towards a sustainable, low-carbon future.<figure id="figure-j3iexd7q2nm6qsohn3"><img id="j3iexd7q2nm6qsohn3" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/851920638/photo/wind-turbines-in-a-forest.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=U1T_dRkx744ki7x1yAJdHSTLOw72WFMUHEp-43RF9dk=" alt="Wind turbines in a forest" title="Wind turbines in a forest" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/851920638/photo/wind-turbines-in-a-forest.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=U1T_dRkx744ki7x1yAJdHSTLOw72WFMUHEp-43RF9dk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Ireland’s Renewable Energy Progress and Future Targets</h3> Ireland’s transition to renewable energy has been nothing short of remarkable. Over the past two decades, the country has embraced wind and solar power, shifting away from expensive, polluting fossil fuels. This commitment to clean energy is now paying off, both in terms of lower electricity costs and a healthier environment.&nbsp;By 2024, Ireland had surpassed 5,000 MW of installed onshore wind capacity, a major milestone in the country’s renewable energy journey. To put this into perspective, that’s enough to power over 3.5 million homes annually. Wind energy alone contributed nearly 35% of Ireland’s electricity generation in 2023, a clear indication of how renewables are reshaping our energy landscape.But while progress has been significant, the journey is far from over. The Irish government has set an ambitious target: 80% of our electricity must come from renewable sources by 2030. This is an ambitious yet achievable goal—one that, if realised, will transform Ireland’s energy system and deliver widespread benefits for consumers, businesses, and the environment.Achieving this target will mean:<ul><li>Lower electricity costs: Households and businesses could save an estimated €640 million per year, as reliance on expensive imported fuels continues to decline.</li><li>Stronger energy security:&nbsp; With more homegrown wind and solar power, Ireland will be less dependent on imported gas and oil, shielding consumers from global energy price shocks.</li><li>A significant reduction in emissions:&nbsp; A cleaner electricity system means a substantial cut in Ireland’s carbon footprint, helping the country meet its climate commitments and combat global warming.</li><li>Economic growth and job creation: The renewable energy sector is already a major employer, and expansion will create even more jobs in engineering, construction, grid management, and maintenance—boosting both rural and urban economies.</li></ul> With the right investments and policies in place, Ireland can become a global leader in renewable energy. The next six years are crucial in ensuring that our energy future is cleaner, more affordable, and more secure for generations to come.<figure id="figure-fpka6l57qm6qst3s2" class=""><img id="fpka6l57qm6qst3s2" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/851920628/photo/wind-turbines-in-a-forest.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=52HE4ZWblBORgrtcFF70niRsbpqeNzzyYux40SyKEw4=" alt="Wind turbines in a forest" title="Wind turbines in a forest" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/851920628/photo/wind-turbines-in-a-forest.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=52HE4ZWblBORgrtcFF70niRsbpqeNzzyYux40SyKEw4=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What Needs to Happen Next?</h3> The Chief Executive of Wind Energy Ireland has emphasised the need for further wind and solar developments to ensure a clean, reliable, and domestic energy supply. However, there are several key challenges that must be addressed:<ul><li>Planning and Grid Connection Delays: The approval process for renewable energy projects must be streamlined to accelerate development.</li><li>Investment in Storage Solutions: Technologies such as battery storage and pumped hydro will be essential in balancing supply and demand, ensuring electricity availability even when wind speeds are low or sunlight is insufficient.</li><li>Public and Private Sector Collaboration: Government policies, private investment, and community engagement will play a crucial role in achieving Ireland’s clean energy targets.</li></ul><figure id="figure-xlysiqh4igm6qswhyo" class=""><img id="xlysiqh4igm6qswhyo" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/825711894/photo/electric-car-plugged-in-charging.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=pzEI3QV8V2VeLVvuqSMAcNmoMUUPrUvBjQ9ys7iQkb0=" alt="Electric car plugged in charging" title="Electric car plugged in charging" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/825711894/photo/electric-car-plugged-in-charging.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=pzEI3QV8V2VeLVvuqSMAcNmoMUUPrUvBjQ9ys7iQkb0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>Ireland’s shift to renewable energy has already saved consumers money, reduced carbon emissions, and strengthened energy security. By cutting reliance on fossil fuels, the country is not only lowering electricity costs but also protecting itself from global energy price shocks.But there’s more to do. Reaching the 80% renewable electricity target by 2030 means tackling planning delays, upgrading grid infrastructure, and investing in storage solutions. Collaboration between government, industry, and communities will be key to making this happen.The next six years are critical. With the right focus and investment, Ireland can secure a cleaner, more affordable energy future—one that benefits both people and the planet. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

The Economic Impact of Wind and Solar Farms in Ireland

Golden eagle perched in Roxborough State Park Colorado

<h3>Introduction</h3>Rewilding has become a hot topic in Ireland, hailed by environmentalists as a way to restore nature, tackle climate change, and bring back lost wildlife. But in the heartlands of rural Ireland, where farming is not just a job but a way of life, the idea of rewilding stirs up a mixture of emotions—hope, concern, and, in some cases, resistance.For farmers who have worked the land for generations, the prospect of giving up fields to forests, reintroducing predators, and reducing livestock numbers is unsettling. But is there a way to balance nature restoration with the needs of those who make their living from the land? Can rewilding and farming exist side by side without one undermining the other? Let’s explore the reality of rewilding in Ireland—its potential benefits, its challenges, and whether it’s something that could genuinely take hold in the coming years.<figure id="figure-bg4zuo3e1m6i6hyqg" class=""><img id="bg4zuo3e1m6i6hyqg" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/837533930/photo/beautiful-irish-coastline-on-a-sunny-day-with-blue-skies-near-galway.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=_68Ul5MMh4X6UEUK3KnokC3fkdOtksF6zN04tpoqJyU=" alt="Beautiful Irish coastline on a sunny day with blue skies near Galway" title="Beautiful Irish coastline on a sunny day with blue skies near Galway" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/837533930/photo/beautiful-irish-coastline-on-a-sunny-day-with-blue-skies-near-galway.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=_68Ul5MMh4X6UEUK3KnokC3fkdOtksF6zN04tpoqJyU=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What is Rewilding, and What Does It Mean for Ireland?</h3>At its core, rewilding is about stepping back and letting nature take the lead. That might mean restoring peatlands to soak up carbon, reintroducing lost species like the golden eagle, or allowing woodlands to reclaim land that was once farmed.Across Ireland, a number of rewilding projects are already underway:Peatland Restoration: With 20% of Ireland covered in peat bogs, restoring damaged wetlands is a major focus. Projects like the Abbeyleix Bog Project in Laois show how damaged landscapes can be revived, locking in carbon and providing a home for wildlife. Reforestation: Native trees like oak, birch, and hazel are being replanted, shifting away from fast-growing, commercially planted sitka spruce forests that dominate much of the country. Reintroducing Lost Species: Golden eagles and white-tailed sea eagles have been successfully reintroduced, and there’s even talk of bringing back wolves—a suggestion that has met with strong opposition from farming communities. For environmentalists, these changes are exciting. They see Ireland as a place where vast wild landscapes could flourish again, home to native species that once roamed freely. But for farmers, the reality isn’t so simple.<figure id="figure-wx5tev7brm6i6dggc" class="selected"><img id="wx5tev7brm6i6dggc" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/585612956/photo/way-of-the-spire-and-foliage-madeira.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=sMTSwmx7lSYAYjsXNmve_hTiP0fUo2FxqUe0k10dtyg=" alt="Way of the Spire and Foliage - Madeira" title="Way of the Spire and Foliage - Madeira" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/585612956/photo/way-of-the-spire-and-foliage-madeira.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=sMTSwmx7lSYAYjsXNmve_hTiP0fUo2FxqUe0k10dtyg=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Benefits of Rewilding</h3>There’s no doubt that rewilding comes with environmental benefits. Done well, it could help Ireland reach its climate targets, restore wildlife habitats, and even create new economic opportunities.1. Boosting Biodiversity: <ul><li>Ireland has seen a worrying decline in wildlife due to habitat destruction and intensive farming. Rewilding can help turn this around.</li></ul>The white-tailed sea eagle, once extinct in Ireland, has made a comeback thanks to reintroduction efforts. In Kerry, Donegal, and Galway, these birds are now breeding successfully. The pine marten, a small carnivore, has naturally expanded its range again, helping to reduce invasive grey squirrel populations and allowing native red squirrels to thrive. 2. Carbon Sequestration &amp; Climate Change Mitigation: Peatlands store over 300 million tonnes of carbon, but damaged bogs release vast amounts of greenhouse gases. Restoring them could prevent these emissions and help tackle climate change. Expanding native woodlands could further absorb carbon, particularly if trees are planted in a way that supports existing farmland rather than replacing it entirely. 3. Economic Opportunities Beyond Traditional Farming: Eco-tourism is on the rise, with visitors willing to pay for guided wildlife tours, farm stays, and rewilding retreats. Sustainable land management practices, such as agroforestry, allow farmers to earn from their land while supporting biodiversity. But while these benefits are clear, they don’t come without trade-offs, and for many farmers, the risks of rewilding outweigh the rewards.<figure id="figure-jqkwfd006m6i6dmjf"><img id="jqkwfd006m6i6dmjf" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1374560034/photo/white-tailed-eagle-or-sea-eagle-hunting-in-the-sky-over-northern-norway.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=FsWw8Zh6_93hnkzG7pr9cwxBZUBYpS9wJkZMQxUpjwg=" alt="White-tailed eagle or sea eagle hunting in the sky over Northern Norway" title="White-tailed eagle or sea eagle hunting in the sky over Northern Norway" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1374560034/photo/white-tailed-eagle-or-sea-eagle-hunting-in-the-sky-over-northern-norway.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=FsWw8Zh6_93hnkzG7pr9cwxBZUBYpS9wJkZMQxUpjwg=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Challenges of Rewilding for Farmers</h3>1. Losing Productive Farmland:<ul><li>Ireland is a country built on farming, and taking land out of production is a tough sell. The government has ambitious plans to increase tree cover from 11% to 18% by 2027, but much of this reforestation is happening on farmland. For many farmers, reducing their herd or switching to a different way of managing land just isn’t financially viable.</li></ul>2. Concerns About Predators:<ul><li>While golden eagles and white-tailed eagles have returned, some farmers claim these birds take lambs—leading to ongoing tensions. There’s also speculation about whether predators like wolves or lynxes could be reintroduced, an idea that many rural communities strongly oppose.</li></ul>3. Financial Uncertainty:<ul><li>Many Irish farmers rely on EU subsidies that support food production. If large areas of farmland were rewilded, what happens to that income? Unlike in countries where large estates dominate, Ireland’s farming is made up of small, family-run farms, where every acre counts.</li></ul>4. Cultural Resistance:<ul><li>For many, farming is more than just a job—it’s part of their heritage. The idea of letting the land "go wild" can feel like an abandonment of generations of hard work, and some view rewilding as an outside agenda pushed by urban policymakers who don’t understand rural life.</li></ul><figure id="figure-3joq9f4p8hm6i76a0v" class=""><img id="3joq9f4p8hm6i76a0v" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/187736440/photo/rural-coastal-scene-dingle-peninsula-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=VCBAUJeWx3dsc3gn_aQtWfLhDAo9Pb_3YBWUdil8fCU=" alt="Rural coastal scene, Dingle Peninsula, Ireland" title="Rural coastal scene, Dingle Peninsula, Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/187736440/photo/rural-coastal-scene-dingle-peninsula-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=VCBAUJeWx3dsc3gn_aQtWfLhDAo9Pb_3YBWUdil8fCU=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What is the Government’s Stance on Rewilding?</h3>Rewilding isn’t yet a fully established government policy, but Ireland is moving in that direction:<ul><li>The EU Nature Restoration Law: which Ireland has supported, sets legally binding targets for restoring habitats, including peatlands and forests.</li><li>The Afforestation Scheme: provides grants to landowners who convert parts of their land to native woodland.</li><li>Peatland rehabilitation projects: have received funding, with Bord na Móna shifting away from peat harvesting towards land restoration.</li></ul>At the European level: the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 commits to restoring at least 30% of land and sea across member states. However, there has been pushback from farming organisations who argue that these policies could damage food production.The Irish Farmers’ Association (IFA) has been vocal in its concerns, arguing that policies promoting rewilding must balance environmental goals with food security and rural livelihoods.<figure id="figure-8f6a5spgqm6i7cjdv" class=""><img id="8f6a5spgqm6i7cjdv" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2081216019/photo/elephant-rock-in-northern-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=J6SUi9C9rUmQRGGT1U9iY2WSrpPGs3wvcwUBFoHEV2k=" alt="Elephant rock in Northern Ireland" title="Elephant rock in Northern Ireland" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2081216019/photo/elephant-rock-in-northern-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=J6SUi9C9rUmQRGGT1U9iY2WSrpPGs3wvcwUBFoHEV2k=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>How Likely is Large-Scale Rewilding in Ireland?</h3>While rewilding is gaining support in environmental circles and some pilot projects have been successful, large-scale rewilding across Ireland is unlikely in the near future. Here’s why:<ul><li>The Irish government prioritises agriculture as a key economic sector, and while nature restoration is being encouraged, it is unlikely to replace traditional farming.</li><li>A 2023 European Commission survey found that while 76% of the Irish public supports nature restoration, only 42% of farmers are open to rewilding their own land.</li><li>Ireland’s land is highly fragmented, making large-scale land buyouts for rewilding impractical.</li></ul>What is more likely is a hybrid approach—one where farmers are encouraged to adopt nature-friendly practices without completely abandoning farming. This could mean:<ul><li>Silvopasture: (grazing animals among trees).</li><li>Agroforestry: (combining tree planting with crop production).</li><li>Incentivising biodiversity corridors: on farmland rather than full rewilding.</li></ul><figure id="figure-1epaytl0wm6i7fgnp" class=""><img id="1epaytl0wm6i7fgnp" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/636090438/photo/wicklow-mountains-valley-and-stream.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=yr5lou7I-Y6qV4XyZJBvklxpsdPsinWamBca4yrOI8w=" alt="Wicklow mountains valley and stream" title="Wicklow mountains valley and stream" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/636090438/photo/wicklow-mountains-valley-and-stream.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=yr5lou7I-Y6qV4XyZJBvklxpsdPsinWamBca4yrOI8w=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion:&nbsp;</h3>Rewilding is a promising way to restore Ireland’s landscapes, but it cannot come at the expense of farming communities. Instead of framing the issue as a battle between conservation and agriculture, Ireland needs a middle ground—one where rewilding is integrated into working farms in a way that benefits both nature and rural livelihoods.The future of Ireland’s countryside doesn’t have to be all farmland or all wildland. A balance can be found—one that keeps rural Ireland thriving while allowing nature to return.What do you think? Should Ireland embrace rewilding, or is the risk too great for farming communities?&nbsp; *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

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