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Genetically-engineered red and white strawberries held in the palm of a cyborg. Background is the base code of mRNA.

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>With the world’s population set to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050, ensuring we have enough food to go around is becoming increasingly difficult. Climate change, soil degradation, and supply chain pressures are making it harder for farmers to keep up with demand. With so much uncertainty, scientists are turning to gene editing as a potential solution—one that could help create stronger, higher-yielding, and more resilient crops.But is gene editing really the answer to food security? Or does it raise more questions than it answers?<figure id="figure-xi27yq4yzrm8daybl1"><img id="xi27yq4yzrm8daybl1" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/4RgwXHC3jZX5ase7okn836ngLhFPf8FdIMomtLnG2TsrC0uw9cnN4vmHvsgI7lVe.jpeg" alt="gene editing crops" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/4RgwXHC3jZX5ase7okn836ngLhFPf8FdIMomtLnG2TsrC0uw9cnN4vmHvsgI7lVe.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h2>How Gene Editing Works</h2>The most popular method for gene editing is CRISPR-Cas9, a technology that allows scientists to "cut" specific parts of the DNA sequence and "paste" desired traits. This level of precision enables the development of crops that are not only more resilient but also more nutritious.For instance, scientists can use CRISPR to develop drought-resistant crops, which is crucial as climate change continues to affect water availability. The potential for creating crops with enhanced nutritional profiles, such as higher vitamin content, is also being explored.<figure id="figure-66oqoffbghm8dayo8e"><img id="66oqoffbghm8dayo8e" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/15jGloYhmMIbvcgD5cN7kIZDNQqygd3op9CKHc7vEKJ5C6AiCAYvplAMcqSTVb5Q.jpeg" alt="future agriculture" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/15jGloYhmMIbvcgD5cN7kIZDNQqygd3op9CKHc7vEKJ5C6AiCAYvplAMcqSTVb5Q.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>How Gene Editing Could Help Farmers</h3>1. Bigger and Better Yields: As food demand soars, farmers are under pressure to produce more without expanding farmland. Gene editing can help create faster-growing, higher-yielding crops that thrive even in poor soil or harsh conditions.2. Stronger Crops That Fight Off Disease Every year, farmers lose billions due to plant diseases. Gene editing can help crops develop natural immunity to common threats like fungi and bacteria, meaning fewer pesticides and more reliable harvests.3. Less Need for Fertilisers and Chemicals Some gene-edited plants have been designed to absorb nutrients more efficiently, meaning they need less fertiliser to grow well. Others have been made naturally resistant to pests, cutting down the need for chemical sprays.4.Crops That Can Survive Extreme Weather With more droughts, floods, and heatwaves happening across the world, climate-resilient crops could be a game-changer. Scientists are already working on drought-resistant maize and flood-tolerant rice to help farmers cope with the unpredictable weather.5.More Nutritious Food Gene editing isn’t just about improving farming—it could also help people eat better. Scientists are developing wheat with lower gluten levels, vitamin-enriched bananas, and even allergy-free peanuts to tackle common dietary concerns. &nbsp;&nbsp;<figure id="figure-k0n1rouuwm8db2wai" class=""><img id="k0n1rouuwm8db2wai" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/186809184/photo/farmer-with-freshly-harvested-potatoes.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=mpwIqw5tJcJPxoybPo-tlqfeyjVGrZ4VYA8i4yiTC8U=" alt="Farmer with freshly harvested potatoes" title="Farmer with freshly harvested potatoes" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/186809184/photo/farmer-with-freshly-harvested-potatoes.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=mpwIqw5tJcJPxoybPo-tlqfeyjVGrZ4VYA8i4yiTC8U=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Where Does Gene Editing Stand Around the World?</h3>Different countries have taken very different approaches to regulating gene-edited crops.<ul><li>The U.S. and China have fast-tracked approvals for gene-edited crops, meaning they can be developed and sold more easily. China has already approved gene-edited wheat, maize, and rice to help improve food security.</li><li>The European Union has traditionally been much stricter, treating gene-edited crops the same way as GMOs. However, this stance is now starting to shift, with discussions on easing restrictions to allow for wider use.</li><li>Public opinion is mixed. Some people are excited about the benefits, while others worry about long-term safety and ethical concerns. Studies suggest that consumers are more likely to accept gene-edited food if they can see a direct benefit, such as better nutrition or longer shelf life.&nbsp;</li></ul><figure id="figure-phvusblxkem8db4i74" class=""><img id="phvusblxkem8db4i74" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2160503361/photo/fresh-produce-at-farmers-market.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Wx1OI0_A_d-eOViV1QqXY55j-plei133wP7sNJwF_n8=" alt="Fresh produce at farmer's market" title="Fresh produce at farmer's market" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2160503361/photo/fresh-produce-at-farmers-market.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Wx1OI0_A_d-eOViV1QqXY55j-plei133wP7sNJwF_n8=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: undefined undefined;"></figure><h3>What About Ireland?</h3>Ireland currently follows EU rules on gene-edited crops, meaning the technology has been heavily restricted so far. However, with the EU reviewing its stance, there’s a growing debate about whether Ireland should embrace gene editing to improve food security and sustainability.If the rules change, Irish farmers could start using gene-edited crops to boost yields, improve disease resistance, and reduce the need for costly fertilisers. But public opinion and market demand will play a big role in how quickly the technology is adopted. As one of Europe’s biggest agricultural exporters, Ireland will need to balance innovation with consumer trust and environmental responsibility.<figure id="figure-pwjfg4mwoim8db62uv" class=""><img id="pwjfg4mwoim8db62uv" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2160563929/photo/plants-growing-in-field.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=2GYTMpGOOCQongsgwlgSPrF8GhQBiuGrTDUF2uBPiA0=" alt="Plants growing in field" title="Plants growing in field" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2160563929/photo/plants-growing-in-field.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=2GYTMpGOOCQongsgwlgSPrF8GhQBiuGrTDUF2uBPiA0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Concerns and Ethical Questions</h3>Despite the potential benefits, gene editing isn’t without controversy. There are still big questions to answer before it becomes mainstream.1. Is It Completely Safe?Even though gene editing is precise, mistakes can still happen. Some modified crops have unexpectedly produced new allergens or toxins, which means rigorous safety checks are needed before they reach the food chain2. Could It Harm Biodiversity?If only a handful of gene-edited crops dominate the market, genetic diversity could decline, making food systems more vulnerable to pests and diseases. This has happened before—monoculture farming was partly to blame for the Irish Potato Famine.3. Who Controls the Technology?Most gene-editing patents are held by a few large biotech companies, raising concerns about who benefits from the technology. Will it truly help small farmers, or will it widen the gap between industrial and family-run agriculture?4. Will Consumers Accept It? Many people still don’t fully trust genetically modified food, and gene editing may face the same resistance. Transparency, education, and clear labelling will be key to building trust and helping consumers make informed choices.<figure id="figure-0fpnajvlhkm8db8rtl" class=""><img id="0fpnajvlhkm8db8rtl" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/516843064/photo/hands-holding-tomato-harvest-cluse-up.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=p_fezj5zo-IDraeBREQy5cEYHN4_CSODfFSiguLVGv4=" alt="Hands holding tomato harvest-cluse up" title="Hands holding tomato harvest-cluse up" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/516843064/photo/hands-holding-tomato-harvest-cluse-up.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=p_fezj5zo-IDraeBREQy5cEYHN4_CSODfFSiguLVGv4=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>So, Is Gene Editing the Future of Food Security?</h3>Several gene-edited crops are already being developed and tested, including:<ul><li>Longer-lasting tomatoes to help cut down on food waste.</li><li>Drought-resistant maize for unpredictable weather.</li><li>Disease-resistant wheat to reduce reliance on fungicides.</li><li>Healthier soybeans with better oil profiles for cooking.</li></ul> Governments and research institutions are investing in public breeding programmes to ensure gene editing benefits everyone, not just big agribusinesses. If properly managed, it could play a key role in creating a more sustainable and resilient food system.<figure id="figure-lfph0l445nm8dbarn8" class=""><img id="lfph0l445nm8dbarn8" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/644361982/photo/laboratory.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Twl1McjfjYhRHqevdLkHjutodQj0tx-tYi13i030Q9c=" alt="Laboratory" title="Laboratory" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/644361982/photo/laboratory.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Twl1McjfjYhRHqevdLkHjutodQj0tx-tYi13i030Q9c=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion&nbsp;</h3>Gene editing could transform agriculture, helping farmers grow stronger, more resilient, and higher-yielding crops in the face of climate change and food insecurity. It offers solutions like disease resistance, improved nutrition, and reduced reliance on fertilisers, but it also raises concerns around safety, biodiversity, and corporate control.For Ireland, the future of gene editing depends on EU regulations and public trust. If restrictions ease, farmers could benefit from gene-edited crops, but balancing innovation with consumer confidence and sustainability will be key.Ultimately, gene editing is a powerful tool, but not a cure-all. Its success will depend on responsible regulation, fair access, and transparent communication to ensure it benefits everyone—not just a select few. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Gene Editing in Crops: The Future of Food Security?

Caucasian Farmers Handshake in Cornfield at Sundown

<h3>Introduction&nbsp;</h3>In a previous discussion, we explored how U.S.-imposed tariffs have affected the Irish agricultural sector. Now, we’re shifting focus closer to home, looking at how these policies—along with labour shortages and rising supply chain costs—are making life increasingly difficult for American farmers.Across the country, producers are facing mounting pressure. Trade disputes are threatening exports, fertiliser prices are skyrocketing, and a shrinking workforce is making it harder to keep farms running efficiently. These aren’t short-term issues—they’re shaping the future of U.S. agriculture in ways that could have long-lasting consequences.<figure id="figure-gfxmit5g5m8d7xh9c"><img id="gfxmit5g5m8d7xh9c" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/2dOomqBLWk0sur9uXsuEftOD2aQbUy7CLEaAYC4UZA53yUJ89atVMV5xcYKpuFrh.jpeg" alt="farmer field" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/2dOomqBLWk0sur9uXsuEftOD2aQbUy7CLEaAYC4UZA53yUJ89atVMV5xcYKpuFrh.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>Dairy Exports Under Pressure</h3>The U.S. dairy industry has long depended on exports to remain profitable. In 2024, dairy exports totalled over $8 billion—a record-breaking figure that demonstrated the industry’s global importance. Mexico remains the largest buyer, accounting for nearly a third of U.S. dairy exports.But as trade tensions heat up, so does uncertainty for dairy farmers. Early 2025 saw the U.S. slap 25% tariffs on imports from Canada and Mexico, along with 20% tariffs on Chinese goods. Unsurprisingly, these countries responded with retaliatory measures, directly impacting American dairy exports.For dairy farmers, this is a serious blow. Many operate on razor-thin profit margins, meaning that any disruption to international markets can quickly cause financial distress. If exports stall, an oversupply at home could drive prices down further, making it even harder to stay in business. Without stable trade agreements, the future of U.S. dairy farming is looking increasingly fragile.<figure id="figure-dilfyrnx5am8d7xk08"><img id="dilfyrnx5am8d7xk08" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1291074421/photo/farm-with-cows-on-foggy-morning-in-winter.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vrZH4kpH6fQX6J6LVTPCyi4i9cNU2d-ERTTOO8EUzbc=" alt="Farm with cows on foggy morning in Winter" title="Farm with cows on foggy morning in Winter" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1291074421/photo/farm-with-cows-on-foggy-morning-in-winter.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vrZH4kpH6fQX6J6LVTPCyi4i9cNU2d-ERTTOO8EUzbc=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>A Shrinking Workforce: The Labour Shortage Crisis</h3>Even if trade issues were resolved overnight, another crisis remains—labour shortages.American agriculture has long relied on immigrant workers, particularly for labour-intensive jobs like harvesting. But the availability of these workers has dropped sharply, with new immigrant entries into the sector falling by over 40% in recent years. To make matters worse, the farming workforce is ageing, with the average American farmer now approaching 60 years old and fewer young workers entering the field.Immigration policies have only worsened the problem, making it harder for farms to legally hire the labour they need. The H-2A visa programme, designed to provide temporary farmworkers, has grown significantly, but it remains plagued by bureaucratic delays and inefficiencies. Some inspections have even uncovered widespread labour violations, further complicating the situation.Without a stable workforce, farms risk seeing crops left unharvested, production slowing, and costs continuing to climb. As food production becomes more difficult, the knock-on effect will be higher prices at the supermarket and increased food waste. If these shortages persist, the long-term sustainability of U.S. farming is in real jeopardy.<figure id="figure-pnzoqtrzihm8d7xps7"><img id="pnzoqtrzihm8d7xps7" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2149365137/photo/sustainable-growth-chart.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=LvC78djmKHMGfnn6HaVuqIo6kdEVHgMwNo5ABTytUf8=" alt="Sustainable growth chart" title="Sustainable growth chart" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2149365137/photo/sustainable-growth-chart.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=LvC78djmKHMGfnn6HaVuqIo6kdEVHgMwNo5ABTytUf8=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Fertiliser Costs and Supply Chain Struggles</h3>Fertiliser is one of the most crucial inputs in farming, and the U.S. depends heavily on Canadian imports to meet its needs. Nearly 90% of the potash fertiliser used in American agriculture comes from Canada, alongside a significant portion of nitrogen fertiliser.However, recent trade disputes have disrupted this essential supply chain. In early 2025, the U.S. introduced 25% tariffs on Canadian potash imports, adding to an already volatile market. Fertiliser prices had already been climbing due to global shortages, and these new tariffs are expected to drive costs up by another 25%.For farmers, higher input costs mean tighter profit margins. Many may be forced to scale back production, which in turn could lead to lower crop yields and higher food prices for consumers. If these supply chain disruptions continue, farming will become less profitable, pushing some producers out of business altogether.<figure id="figure-s1pmw8quusm8d88j8y" class=""><img id="s1pmw8quusm8d88j8y" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2064449248/photo/grain-silos-surrounded-by-farmland-in-posey-county-indiana-in-fall-aerial.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=gzFCrGYYO0nLJr8kyl7Kb_7qRSXWzUF1rk5Bxon2uEA=" alt="Grain Silos Surrounded by Farmland in Posey County, Indiana in Fall - Aerial" title="Grain Silos Surrounded by Farmland in Posey County, Indiana in Fall - Aerial" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2064449248/photo/grain-silos-surrounded-by-farmland-in-posey-county-indiana-in-fall-aerial.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=gzFCrGYYO0nLJr8kyl7Kb_7qRSXWzUF1rk5Bxon2uEA=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Addressing the Labour Shortage</h3>Labour shortages remain one of the biggest threats to U.S. agriculture. While trade disputes come and go, farming depends on a workforce that is increasingly difficult to secure.For decades, farms have relied on foreign workers to do jobs that are often physically demanding and seasonal in nature. However, many of these workers still lack legal status, creating uncertainty for both employees and employers.Even with the previously mentioned H-2A visa programme, which allows seasonal workers into the U.S., farmers continue to struggle with inefficiencies, delays, and added costs. Reports of poor working conditions have also raised concerns, highlighting the need for reforms that protect both farmworkers and farm owners.Without a clear and effective immigration policy, farms will remain in a constant struggle to find reliable workers. If these shortages persist, agricultural production will suffer, leading to increased food prices and greater reliance on imports.<figure id="figure-wqazp4z2km8d8a9c4" class=""><img id="wqazp4z2km8d8a9c4" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1892041843/photo/american-politics-and-policy-legalize-marijuana.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=5SK3Ya_wptEQqfoSJd9m4Vwl6bzB9wn8euEFxxWs0BE=" alt="American Politics and Policy - Legalize Marijuana" title="American Politics and Policy - Legalize Marijuana" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1892041843/photo/american-politics-and-policy-legalize-marijuana.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=5SK3Ya_wptEQqfoSJd9m4Vwl6bzB9wn8euEFxxWs0BE=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>A Path Forward</h3>The challenges facing U.S. agriculture are significant, but with the right policies, the industry can regain stability and long-term sustainability. Addressing these key areas will be crucial:<ul><li>Fairer trade policies: Farmers need reliable and predictable market access without the constant threat of tariffs and retaliatory measures. Trade agreements should safeguard agricultural exports and foster stable, fair international relationships.</li><li>Addressing EU trade barriers: The EU remains a major market, yet strict regulations limit U.S. exports. Negotiating better trade terms—particularly on hormone-treated meat and dairy—could unlock new opportunities. Greater alignment on food standards would improve competitiveness while maintaining high safety measures.</li><li>Strengthening supply chain resilience: Heavy reliance on imported fertiliser and fuel leaves U.S. agriculture vulnerable. Ensuring affordable access to essential imports through trade agreements and investment in domestic production would reduce dependency and protect farmers from price shocks.</li><li>Fixing the labour crisis: A stable and legal workforce is vital. Improving the visa system, reducing delays, and providing clearer legal pathways for farmworkers would help farmers secure reliable labour while ensuring fair protections for workers.</li></ul> By tackling these issues, policymakers can help restore confidence in the sector, safeguard food security, and support the long-term future of American farming.<figure id="figure-qvggrajrq3m8dac6va" class=""><img id="qvggrajrq3m8dac6va" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/183887446/photo/farmer-or-rancher-with-laptop-computer-and-cattle.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=eZgJzbDxcbkKqVZH8HrR_np0_ng5rXtZECumD_bJlGA=" alt="Agriculture: Farmer or rancher with laptop Computer and Cattle" title="Agriculture: Farmer or rancher with laptop Computer and Cattle" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/183887446/photo/farmer-or-rancher-with-laptop-computer-and-cattle.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=eZgJzbDxcbkKqVZH8HrR_np0_ng5rXtZECumD_bJlGA=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>The pressures on U.S. agriculture—trade disputes, labour shortages, and soaring fertiliser costs—are mounting, making it harder for farmers to stay afloat. If these issues aren’t addressed, the impact will be felt far beyond rural communities, with rising food prices and increasing strain on supply chains.Farmers don’t need handouts; they need fair trade policies, stable supply chains, and a reliable workforce to keep their businesses running. That means easing restrictive tariffs, investing in domestic production, and fixing immigration laws so farms can hire the workers they depend on.Quick fixes won’t cut it—real action is needed now to stop more farms from closing and to secure the future of U.S. agriculture. Farmers have always been resilient, but they can’t keep going without policies that give them a fair chance to succeed. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

The Growing Concerns of U.S. Farmers: Trade and Labour Challenges

<h3>Introduction</h3>Ireland’s beef industry has reached another milestone, with Thailand officially opening its market to Irish beef. This is a huge step forward, further strengthening Ireland’s presence in Southeast Asia and bringing the number of international markets for Irish beef to over 70. For farmers and processors, it means new opportunities and a broader customer base, helping to secure the future of the industry.This success hasn’t happened overnight. It’s the result of years of hard work by Irish authorities to expand trade opportunities and create long-term prospects for the sector. It also comes hot on the heels of Ireland securing access to South Korea’s beef market last year, proving that the country’s efforts to develop new export routes are paying off. With demand for premium beef rising in Thailand, this is yet another win for Irish agriculture.<figure id="figure-rz51xo8em831bp3z"><img id="rz51xo8em831bp3z" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1831720950/photo/ground-beef-im-market-display.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=J-uA7rCuyyUwBzZ-Ut6GxqYSBcCgi_mL3k0qDuVziL0=" alt="Ground beef im market display" title="Ground beef im market display" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1831720950/photo/ground-beef-im-market-display.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=J-uA7rCuyyUwBzZ-Ut6GxqYSBcCgi_mL3k0qDuVziL0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What This Means for Irish Farmers and Processors</h3> Thailand’s decision to import Irish beef is a major opportunity for the sector. The country has a population of over 65 million, and as incomes rise, so too does demand for high-quality beef. More consumers are looking for premium imported meat, and Ireland’s reputation for grass-fed, sustainably produced beef makes it a great fit for this expanding market.Ireland has already established a strong food export relationship with Thailand. In 2023, Irish dairy exports to the country were worth €55 million, accounting for over 95% of all Irish food and drink exports there. Now, with beef added to the mix, this relationship is set to grow even stronger. Irish exporters will be able to tap into Thailand’s thriving restaurant and retail sector, where imported beef is becoming increasingly popular.&nbsp;For Irish farmers, gaining access to Thailand brings more security by reducing reliance on traditional European markets. With the ever-changing landscape of global trade, having a wide network of buyers is crucial. The Thai market not only offers new business opportunities but also makes the Irish beef sector more resilient to global economic fluctuations and trade policy shifts.<figure id="figure-uoyn44u6qrm831ge2i" class=""><img id="uoyn44u6qrm831ge2i" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1437254841/photo/italy-tuscany-florentine-steak.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=N84jO6nAePvluYsOZRjqfoOrUPD4ztETQYavPySbI9o=" alt="Italy - tuscany - florentine steak" title="Italy - tuscany - florentine steak" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1437254841/photo/italy-tuscany-florentine-steak.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=N84jO6nAePvluYsOZRjqfoOrUPD4ztETQYavPySbI9o=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>A Step Forward in Ireland’s Global Beef Trade</h3> Thailand’s decision to open its doors to Irish beef is part of a much bigger picture. Ireland has been steadily expanding its beef exports, with last year’s breakthrough into the South Korean market marking another major achievement. These wins highlight the growing global demand for high-quality, sustainable beef and confirm Ireland’s status as a key player in international beef trade.The numbers speak for themselves. In 2024, the value of Ireland’s beef exports increased by 6%, reaching an impressive €2.8 billion. This growth reflects not only strong international demand but also Ireland’s ability to compete on the global stage.With Irish beef now reaching over 70 countries, the industry is well-positioned to continue expanding. Asia, in particular, presents a huge opportunity, with demand for high-quality imported beef set to rise in the coming years. Irish beef’s premium reputation, thanks to its grass-fed nature, strict traceability standards, and strong sustainability credentials, makes it an attractive choice for international buyers.<figure id="figure-h0w9enbdzm831talu" class=""><img id="h0w9enbdzm831talu" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/496626656/photo/farmer-and-financial-advisor.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=i3KniWohyQfVT_bVuDKnDz87bdfpuaf4FZnJyZVIL9U=" alt="Farmer and Financial Advisor" title="Farmer and Financial Advisor" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/496626656/photo/farmer-and-financial-advisor.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=i3KniWohyQfVT_bVuDKnDz87bdfpuaf4FZnJyZVIL9U=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Why Market Expansion Matters</h3> For Ireland’s beef industry to remain sustainable in the long run, market diversification is key. While the domestic market remains strong, exports are essential for maintaining stable prices and ensuring farmers have a secure income.Opening up new markets like Thailand spreads risk and reduces dependency on any single region. It also helps future-proof the industry against unexpected challenges such as Brexit-related trade shifts, changing EU regulations, or economic downturns. The more diverse the customer base, the more stable the industry becomes.Thailand’s decision to import Irish beef could also create a ripple effect, leading to further opportunities in Southeast Asia. As Ireland builds its reputation in Thailand, other countries in the region—such as Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia—may take notice, potentially paving the way for even more trade agreements.<figure id="figure-6bysa9hou8m8329laf" class=""><img id="6bysa9hou8m8329laf" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2189408766/photo/head-of-an-irish-cow-on-a-meadow-along-the-northern-ireland-coast.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=w4uF_NVGRoFz6tCPTlGHuXhROLcTmoI8UkOeo1fVXHk=" alt="head of an Irish cow on a meadow along the Northern Ireland coast" title="head of an Irish cow on a meadow along the Northern Ireland coast" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2189408766/photo/head-of-an-irish-cow-on-a-meadow-along-the-northern-ireland-coast.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=w4uF_NVGRoFz6tCPTlGHuXhROLcTmoI8UkOeo1fVXHk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>How Farmers and Processors Can Make the Most of This Opportunity</h3> With Thailand now open to Irish beef, farmers and processors have a new market to tap into. However, to truly capitalise on this opportunity, a strategic approach is needed. Key steps include:<ul><li>Understanding Thai Market Preferences: Knowing what Thai consumers are looking for in terms of cuts, quality, and packaging will help exporters tailor their offerings.</li><li>Meeting Export Standards: Ensuring that all beef meets Thailand’s food safety and certification requirements will be essential for smooth trade.</li><li>Building Relationships with Importers: Establishing strong partnerships with Thai distributors, retailers, and food service providers will help secure a long-term presence in the market.</li><li>Exploring Value-Added Products: While standard beef exports will be a key focus, there may also be opportunities to introduce processed or branded Irish beef products to Thai consumers.</li></ul>By taking these steps, the Irish beef industry can maximise the benefits of this new trade route and build a lasting presence in Thailand.<figure id="figure-yu9hfz2xum832czzg" class=""><img id="yu9hfz2xum832czzg" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/519087080/photo/chinatown-bangkok-thailand.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Zs3raRGZBLAVliRziuFLRxrNYbFzuKnvINy4tHi2dac=" alt="Chinatown Bangkok Thailand" title="Chinatown Bangkok Thailand" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/519087080/photo/chinatown-bangkok-thailand.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Zs3raRGZBLAVliRziuFLRxrNYbFzuKnvINy4tHi2dac=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion&nbsp;</h3> Thailand’s decision to import Irish beef is another big step forward for Ireland’s agricultural sector. With over 70 global markets now open to Irish beef, the industry is in a strong position to continue growing and adapting to shifting global demands.This isn’t just about one new market, it’s part of a long-term strategy to future-proof Ireland’s beef sector. By continuing to strengthen trade ties, invest in sustainable farming, and maintain world-class food safety standards, Ireland is ensuring its beef remains a top choice for international buyers.At The Informed Farmer Consultancy, we understand how vital global trade is to the future of Irish agriculture. As demand for premium beef rises worldwide, it’s more important than ever for farmers, processors, and policymakers to work together to seize new opportunities.By staying competitive, embracing sustainability, and building strong international partnerships, the Irish beef industry is set for continued success on the world stage. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Thailand Opens Market to Irish Beef: A Boost for Ireland’s Beef Industry

Beekeepers working in an apiary. Male beekeeper teaches woman caring for bees.

<h3>Introduction</h3>Ireland’s beekeepers are sounding the alarm over the future of the country’s native dark European honey bee (Apis mellifera mellifera). This hardy species, perfectly adapted to Ireland’s often unpredictable climate, is facing an existential threat due to the increasing presence of non-native honey bees. The introduction of foreign bees is leading to hybridisation, the spread of disease, and growing competition for already limited resources.As an island nation, Ireland has long been a stronghold for this unique subspecies, but that status is now under threat. If action isn’t taken soon, we risk losing the dark honey bee, along with the invaluable role it plays in pollination, biodiversity, and food production. The warning signs are already clear, with nearly one-third of Ireland’s wild bee species edging closer to extinction.<figure id="figure-naa99vpdc9m82zvygb" class=""><img id="naa99vpdc9m82zvygb" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24RFEjA7OcGZeEDGiGGRVsqRGtMznGwSX0VGsxmu8XbmaWJ4DBdT1FcSYIXcbW5t.jpeg" alt="dark bee" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24RFEjA7OcGZeEDGiGGRVsqRGtMznGwSX0VGsxmu8XbmaWJ4DBdT1FcSYIXcbW5t.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>A Unique Species Under Threat</h3> The dark European honey bee is not just another honey bee; it is a crucial part of Ireland’s natural heritage. Over centuries, it has evolved to thrive in our cool, damp climate, making it far more resilient to Irish weather than imported bees, which often struggle without extra care. Unlike non-native species, the dark bee has adapted to survive on the seasonal availability of Ireland’s flora, making it both a hardy and sustainable pollinator.Fortunately, research has shown that the vast majority—97.8%—of honey bees in Ireland are still pure Apis mellifera mellifera. However, a more recent study in 2024 warns that hybridisation with imported bees is a growing issue. Once hybridisation occurs, the unique traits of the dark bee could be lost forever. Bees bred for warmer climates may struggle in Irish weather, requiring more intervention from beekeepers and potentially leading to weaker populations overall.Beyond hybridisation, disease is another major concern. Imported bees can bring harmful pathogens and parasites, such as Varroa destructor, a mite that weakens bee colonies and makes them more vulnerable to viruses. While Varroa is already present in Ireland, further imports increase the risk of introducing new, more aggressive strains of disease.Competition for food and nesting space is another issue. Foreign bees may be more prolific foragers, taking valuable nectar and pollen from the native honey bee. With habitats already under pressure from land-use changes, every resource matters. If these threats aren’t addressed, the dark European honey bee could face a slow but inevitable decline.<figure id="figure-ge26piz2bvm82zw56t" class=""><img id="ge26piz2bvm82zw56t" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/2cmtg58ixa1M9mzquQTnxbmbilmDBdRi5R6Boo8CZeUGmGucbw6NRtxxfAHzQ4g6.jpeg" alt="bee pollination" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/2cmtg58ixa1M9mzquQTnxbmbilmDBdRi5R6Boo8CZeUGmGucbw6NRtxxfAHzQ4g6.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>A Wider Pollinator Crisis</h3> The struggle of the native honey bee is part of a much bigger problem. Across Ireland, more than half of all bee species have seen serious population declines since the 1980s, and nearly a third of the country’s 99 wild bee species are now threatened with extinction. Among them, six are critically endangered, ten are endangered, and fourteen are considered vulnerable.The loss of pollinators isn’t just an issue for nature lovers—it’s a crisis for food production and biodiversity. Bees play a fundamental role in pollinating crops like apples, strawberries, and oilseed rape. Without them, yields could drop dramatically, affecting food security and increasing costs for farmers and consumers alike.A combination of factors is driving this decline. Habitat loss is one of the biggest challenges, as more wildflower meadows, hedgerows, and natural nesting sites are cleared for development or intensive agriculture. Where bees once thrived, many now struggle to find enough food.Pesticide use is another major concern. Although some harmful chemicals have been restricted in the EU, many still pose a danger to pollinators. Even low-level exposure can affect a bee’s ability to forage, navigate, and reproduce.Climate change is making things even more unpredictable. Warmer winters mean some bees emerge too early in the year when flowers aren’t yet blooming. Changes in rainfall patterns and temperature fluctuations are also affecting the availability of food sources, creating new challenges for already stressed populations.<figure id="figure-sjcbkfr067m82zwap5" class=""><img id="sjcbkfr067m82zwap5" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/34HA9kB71r2XxE2HBtOfdxaGji0W8FWs2DjDxoYgr8SwAulCGgvs93RFfzHdeCbo.jpeg" alt="bee garden" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/34HA9kB71r2XxE2HBtOfdxaGji0W8FWs2DjDxoYgr8SwAulCGgvs93RFfzHdeCbo.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>Conservation and Policy Changes Needed</h3>To protect the dark European honey bee, stricter regulations on bee imports are needed. Some European countries, such as Norway, have already implemented strong measures to prevent the introduction of non-native bees, and Ireland could follow suit by establishing protected conservation zones where only the native dark bee is permitted.&nbsp;There is also growing support for increased biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of bee diseases. By improving monitoring and quarantine procedures for imported bees, the risk of disease transmission to native colonies could be significantly reduced.Conservation efforts are already underway. The Wild Honey Bee Study, a collaborative research initiative, is assessing the number and distribution of wild honey bee colonies in Ireland to develop targeted conservation strategies. Additionally, the All-Ireland Pollinator Plan is promoting bee-friendly policies and encouraging landowners, councils, and businesses to take action.Beyond policy changes, habitat restoration is essential. Farmers, landowners, and local authorities can all play a role in creating environments where bees can thrive. Restoring wildflower meadows, maintaining hedgerows, and reducing pesticide use can all contribute to reversing pollinator declines.<figure id="figure-3t7nckpvc2m830de69" class=""><img id="3t7nckpvc2m830de69" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/90917397/photo/worker-bee.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=W0eELO0ajvoZl_uJT_kjoh-f1F9j00K3Ia6oqYPJtXc=" alt="Worker Bee" title="Worker Bee" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/90917397/photo/worker-bee.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=W0eELO0ajvoZl_uJT_kjoh-f1F9j00K3Ia6oqYPJtXc=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Role of Farmers, Beekeepers, and Communities in Protecting Pollinators</h3> While national conservation policies are crucial, local action is just as important. Farmers, beekeepers, and communities all have a vital role to play in protecting Ireland’s pollinators:1. Farmers: Supporting Bees Through Sustainable Practices:Farmers manage much of Ireland’s landscape, making them key players in pollinator conservation. Simple changes in land management can have a big impact:<ul><li>Planting Wildflower Strips and Cover Crops: Providing a continuous supply of nectar and pollen throughout the year.</li><li>Protecting Hedgerows and Woodland Areas: These natural habitats offer food and shelter for pollinators.</li><li>Reducing Pesticide Use: Adopting Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques can control pests while minimising harm to bees.</li><li>Providing Nesting Areas: Leaving patches of bare ground and maintaining stone walls supports wild bee populations.</li></ul> 2. Beekeepers: Preserving the Native Dark Bee:Beekeepers play a key role in safeguarding the dark European honey bee:<ul><li>Avoiding Non-Native Imports: Using locally bred bees helps maintain genetic purity.</li><li>Raising Awareness: Sharing knowledge about hybridisation and sustainable beekeeping practices strengthens conservation efforts.</li><li>Monitoring Colony Health: Regular hive inspections help detect diseases before they spread.</li><li>Supporting Conservation Initiatives: Engaging with organisations dedicated to protecting native bee populations.</li></ul> 3. Communities: Creating Bee-Friendly Spaces:Even those outside of farming and beekeeping can make a difference:<ul><li>Bee-Friendly Gardening: Planting nectar-rich flowers, reducing lawn mowing, and avoiding pesticides can support pollinators.</li><li>Educating the Next Generation: Schools and community groups can help raise awareness about the importance of bees.</li><li>Encouraging Local Authorities to Act: Lobbying councils to plant wildflowers and reduce pesticide use in public spaces.</li><li>Supporting Local Honey Producers: Choosing local honey helps sustain beekeepers who are dedicated to protecting native bee populations.</li></ul> When communities come together to support pollinators, even small changes can have a lasting impact.<figure id="figure-e8xo83covm830jrp9" class=""><img id="e8xo83covm830jrp9" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/118251949/photo/honeybee-on-purple-phacelia-tanacetifolia-flower.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=YeWvIs4KkvfU0tGge2jvStqvKfi_B18iiq3NKFGp_Mk=" alt="Honeybee on purple Phacelia Tanacetifolia flower" title="Honeybee on purple Phacelia Tanacetifolia flower" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/118251949/photo/honeybee-on-purple-phacelia-tanacetifolia-flower.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=YeWvIs4KkvfU0tGge2jvStqvKfi_B18iiq3NKFGp_Mk=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3>The dark European honey bee is at a critical turning point. Without immediate action, this vital pollinator could be lost, leading to serious consequences for biodiversity, food production, and agriculture. However, there is still time to reverse the damage. By strengthening regulations on bee imports, protecting habitats, and promoting sustainable farming, Ireland can ensure the survival of its native honey bee.At The Informed Farmer Consultancy, we are committed to promoting sustainable solutions that benefit both agriculture and the environment. As policymakers, farmers, and conservationists work together to tackle the threats facing Ireland’s pollinators, we must all play our part in protecting one of Ireland’s most valuable natural assets.By taking action now, we can ensure that the dark European honey bee continues to thrive, securing a brighter future for Irish agriculture, biodiversity, and the generations to come. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Protecting Ireland’s Native Dark European Honey Bee: A Call to Action

<h3>Introduction</h3>The trade relationship between the United States and the European Union is under fresh strain as Donald Trump threatens to impose a 25% tariff on EU exports. If these tariffs go ahead, Ireland’s agri-food sector will feel the impact most acutely, with butter, whiskey, and beef among the hardest-hit exports.For Irish farmers, producers, and exporters, the prospect of these tariffs brings a sense of déjà vu. Similar policies in the past—such as U.S. tariffs on spirits—led to a dramatic drop in Scotch whisky exports, with losses exceeding £500 million over two years. Ireland could now face the same fate. This time, however, the stakes are even higher, as Kerrygold butter, premium whiskey brands, and high-quality Irish beef risk becoming too expensive for American consumers, threatening an industry that supports over 165,000 jobs across Ireland.But this isn’t just an Irish issue, it’s a major concern for the wider European agricultural sector, which exported over €160 billion worth of agri-food products to the U.S. last year. Farmers across the EU are already dealing with rising production costs, sustainability regulations, and shifting market conditions, and these new tariffs could further destabilise an already fragile industry.<figure id="figure-3k40lcb2ojm7ta973t"><img id="3k40lcb2ojm7ta973t" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/185240430/photo/growing-money.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Q8Svd4p-7Ae4SgSGakoMzMEDLFKSj0kkxyuhKR8g9fc=" alt="Growing money" title="Growing money" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/185240430/photo/growing-money.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Q8Svd4p-7Ae4SgSGakoMzMEDLFKSj0kkxyuhKR8g9fc=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Trump’s Tariffs: A Policy Already in Motion</h3> Trump’s tariff threats aren’t just words, they are already becoming reality. In early 2024, he reinstated tariffs on EU steel and aluminium, impacting European exports worth over €6.4 billion annually. Now, he’s setting his sights on the agri-food sector, and history suggests he won’t hesitate to follow through.His motives are clear:<ul><li>Support U.S. Farmers: The U.S. dairy industry alone generates over $47 billion annually, and tariffs on EU dairy products would push American consumers towards local alternatives.</li><li>Protect U.S. Industry: The U.S. beef market is worth $76 billion, and imports from Ireland, which account for around 6,000 tonnes annually, are seen as competition. By making Irish beef more expensive, the U.S. could encourage domestic sales.</li><li>Gain Leverage in Trade Talks: Tariffs helped the U.S. secure better trade terms in the past, and Trump is likely using them again as bargaining chips for a broader trade deal.</li></ul> The impact of previous tariffs on Scotch whisky provides a worrying precedent. When the U.S. imposed a 25% tariff on single malt Scotch whisky in 2019, exports to the U.S. plummeted by 34% in just one year, with a total decline of £500 million in sales over two years. The same fate could await Irish whiskey if these new tariffs go ahead, especially as American consumers look for cheaper alternatives.<figure id="figure-tsffpo1v3em7ta9e62"><img id="tsffpo1v3em7ta9e62" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1202813148/photo/bartender-pouring-whiskey.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Dgn7Bk99qamUTeFycShFHx04EUK6m0_cY5aQOdsOkDI=" alt="Bartender pouring whiskey" title="Bartender pouring whiskey" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1202813148/photo/bartender-pouring-whiskey.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=Dgn7Bk99qamUTeFycShFHx04EUK6m0_cY5aQOdsOkDI=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Impact on Irish Agriculture</h3> Ireland’s agricultural sector is built on exports, with over 90% of food production sold to international markets, contributing €15 billion to the economy annually. The U.S. is a crucial part of this trade, particularly for premium products like butter, whiskey, and beef. A 25% tariff would make Irish goods significantly more expensive, leading to:<ul><li>Falling sales as American consumers opt for cheaper alternatives, potentially cutting Irish agri-food exports to the U.S. by hundreds of millions of euros.</li><li>Financial strain on farmers and producers, as tariffs create uncertainty in long-term trade relationships.</li><li>A knock-on effect for rural Ireland, where one in eight jobs depends on the agri-food industry.</li></ul> Butter and Dairy:Ireland’s grass-fed dairy industry is world-renowned, and Kerrygold butter has become a household name in the U.S. It’s now the second-best-selling butter brand in America, with annual sales exceeding €1 billion worldwide.But a 25% tariff would drive up its price considerably, making it far less attractive to U.S. shoppers. With cheaper American butter brands already on the shelves, Kerrygold could see a sharp drop in sales. Irish dairy farmers, who produced over 8.7 billion litres of milk last year, could find themselves struggling to maintain profitability, especially as EU environmental regulations continue to put pressure on herd sizes.Whiskey and Spirits: The Irish whiskey industry has been booming, with global exports exceeding €1 billion annually. The U.S. is its biggest and fastest-growing market, accounting for 43% of total sales.However, if Trump’s tariffs are enforced, this growth could grind to a halt. The previous U.S. tariffs on Scotch whisky cut exports by over a quarter in just 18 months, and a similar fate could await Irish brands. Smaller distilleries, which don’t have the financial muscle to absorb higher costs, could struggle to stay afloat, threatening an industry that supports over 14,000 jobs in Ireland.Beef and Meat Exports:Irish beef is widely regarded as some of the best in the world, thanks to its grass-fed, high-welfare production. The U.S. market has been a growing opportunity for Irish beef farmers, with exports reaching €50 million annually.With a 25% price hike, Irish beef could be priced out of the American market. U.S. consumers would likely turn to cheaper, locally produced beef, leaving Irish farmers with fewer export opportunities and lower incomes. Given that over 55,000 Irish farmers are involved in beef production, the consequences could be far-reaching.<figure id="figure-2vlki155ckm7ta9s9q"><img id="2vlki155ckm7ta9s9q" src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24xHLqHCIXsvVkjqc5beGWBJ7ATE0E14fRayJOkNVcT85yOnzlT91eRDZ5b313Sc.jpeg" alt="government meeting" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;" data-mce-src="https://cdn.durable.co/getty/24xHLqHCIXsvVkjqc5beGWBJ7ATE0E14fRayJOkNVcT85yOnzlT91eRDZ5b313Sc.jpeg" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9;"></figure><h3>How Will the EU’s Agricultural Sector Be Affected?</h3> Ireland may be at the frontline of these tariffs, but the entire EU agricultural sector will feel the shockwaves. The EU’s trade volume with the U.S. stands at around €1.4 trillion, making it one of the largest trade relationships in the world. If Trump follows through on his threats, the impact will be far-reaching:<ul><li>Major European food exports like wine, cheese, and cured meats could also face tariffs, hitting farmers across France, Italy, and Spain.</li><li>The EU could retaliate with its own tariffs on U.S. goods, escalating the trade war and leading to even greater disruption.</li><li>Smaller and medium-sized producers will struggle the most, as they lack the resources to absorb the extra costs.</li><li>Central European economies that depend on exports to Germany could also experience indirect consequences, as a slowdown in EU trade affects supply chains.</li></ul><figure id="figure-5az1clb55nm7tanexz" class=""><img id="5az1clb55nm7tanexz" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1434792293/photo/concept-of-rising-costs-for-wheat.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=8bKR6srJNwUu92NNU6Qt0XoRquyBeKt2JhiLD8ju4k0=" alt="Concept of rising costs for wheat" title="Concept of rising costs for wheat" class="object-cover bg-gray-100" style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1434792293/photo/concept-of-rising-costs-for-wheat.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=8bKR6srJNwUu92NNU6Qt0XoRquyBeKt2JhiLD8ju4k0=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>The Human Impact: Rural Ireland at Risk</h3> Beyond trade negotiations and export figures, it’s farmers, workers, and rural communities who will feel the real impact of these tariffs.For a dairy farmer, falling Kerrygold sales mean lower milk prices, tighter margins, and tough choices—cut herd sizes, delay investments, or struggle to stay afloat. In whiskey distilling, smaller producers risk losing their biggest market, threatening not just distilleries but local farmers, coopers, and tourism businesses. For beef farmers, it’s another hit on top of Brexit, climate rules, and rising costs, making an already tough job even harder.Irish agriculture has survived foot-and-mouth, Brexit, and EU policy shifts, but these tariffs could reshape its future. Some will adapt, others may not—leaving rural communities facing an uncertain road ahead.<figure id="figure-mq0l43cgk7m7tauext" class=""><img id="mq0l43cgk7m7tauext" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/888075228/photo/giving-his-sheep-the-good-stuff.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=JjBvR4_8ANdJ3EwIV3qLAeu_sb0TvyC7MopU2bkMoOc=" alt="Giving his sheep the good stuff" title="Giving his sheep the good stuff" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/888075228/photo/giving-his-sheep-the-good-stuff.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=JjBvR4_8ANdJ3EwIV3qLAeu_sb0TvyC7MopU2bkMoOc=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What Can Ireland Do?</h3> With tariffs looming, Ireland must act fast to protect its agri-food sector.One solution is diversifying into new markets, such as Asia and the Middle East, to reduce reliance on the U.S. These regions offer growing demand, but breaking in takes time and investment.Ireland must also push the EU to negotiate with the U.S., securing exemptions or reduced tariffs for key exports. Given the scale of EU-U.S. trade, Brussels has leverage—but Ireland must ensure its concerns are prioritised.At home, the government needs to support affected farmers and producers, whether through financial aid, tax relief, or investment in new trade routes, to help businesses weather the storm.Ireland has always punched above its weight in global trade, but Trump’s tariffs could be one of the toughest tests yet. The way Ireland responds now will shape its agricultural future.<figure id="figure-f7zqdv10c3m7tayi5a" class=""><img id="f7zqdv10c3m7tayi5a" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1139699947/photo/cows-in-a-field-in-ballyvaughan-connemara-county-galway-wild-atlantic-way-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vmIs9H2nAXUG7FpPp4sSBnWcudwHzL60SDJP0y-Jb1w=" alt="Cows in a field in Ballyvaughan, Connemara, County Galway, Wild Atlantic Way, Ireland." title="Cows in a field in Ballyvaughan, Connemara, County Galway, Wild Atlantic Way, Ireland." class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1139699947/photo/cows-in-a-field-in-ballyvaughan-connemara-county-galway-wild-atlantic-way-ireland.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=vmIs9H2nAXUG7FpPp4sSBnWcudwHzL60SDJP0y-Jb1w=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> Ireland’s agri-food sector stands at a crossroads. Will it weather yet another storm, or will Trump’s tariffs permanently alter its global position? If history has shown us anything, it’s that Irish farmers and producers are resilient—but resilience alone won’t be enough.Can Ireland diversify quickly enough to make up for the potential loss of its biggest market? Can the EU negotiate a fair deal before lasting damage is done? Can the government step in to protect rural communities before jobs are lost?The stakes couldn’t be higher—165,000 jobs, billions in exports, and generations of agricultural heritage are on the line. If these tariffs take effect, it won’t just be statistics on a trade report—it will be livelihoods lost, family farms at risk, and rural economies under pressure.Ireland has overcome many challenges before, but this may be its toughest test yet. The decisions made now will shape the future of Irish agriculture for decades to come. Will Ireland rise to the challenge, or will it be left behind? *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

Navigating Tariff Challenges: The Impact on Irish Agri-Food Exports

<h3>Introduction</h3>The European Union is making significant changes to its sustainability reporting rules in response to growing concerns from businesses about regulatory complexity. As part of the Omnibus Simplification Package, the EU is revising key directives, including the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), and the EU Taxonomy, to make compliance more manageable while maintaining environmental responsibility.While these changes are meant to ease the burden on businesses, experts warn that simplifying too much could dilute corporate accountability and reduce transparency. Striking the right balance is essential to ensure that sustainability efforts remain effective without creating unnecessary obstacles for companies.<figure id="figure-7y3mp22culm7hzlve2"><img id="7y3mp22culm7hzlve2" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2155295094/photo/planning-for-growth.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=hswudMwJMTt6UOuNX1QJsT0yV9GXlRWGpNUGrWAmlKA=" alt="Planning for Growth" title="Planning for Growth" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2155295094/photo/planning-for-growth.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=hswudMwJMTt6UOuNX1QJsT0yV9GXlRWGpNUGrWAmlKA=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Why is the EU Reforming Sustainability Reporting?</h3> Sustainability reporting has become a core part of doing business in Europe. Companies are now expected to disclose their environmental and social impact, helping investors, regulators, and consumers make informed decisions. However, many businesses—especially mid-sized firms—have struggled with the sheer scale and complexity of these reporting obligations.Under current rules, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) applies to companies with more than 250 employees and an annual turnover exceeding €40 million, meaning around 49,000 companies are subject to strict sustainability disclosures. However, the proposed reforms raise this threshold to companies with over 1,000 employees and a turnover above €450 million, which will significantly reduce the number of businesses required to comply.The EU’s plan aims to strike a balance between ensuring corporate transparency and making compliance practical for businesses. The proposed changes include:<ul><li>Lighter reporting obligations for mid-sized firms, allowing them to focus on their core business while still maintaining sustainability commitments.</li><li>Extended compliance deadlines, giving companies more time to adapt to the evolving sustainability regulations.</li><li>Simplified definitions and sustainability criteria under the EU Taxonomy, helping businesses understand exactly what qualifies as sustainable activity. Elimination of sector-specific reporting requirements, creating a more standardised framework that avoids excessive complexity.</li></ul> These reforms reflect growing recognition that businesses need clarity and flexibility to implement sustainable practices effectively. However, concerns remain about how these changes might impact transparency and accountability.<figure id="figure-vehfqcy885m7hzm28p" class=""><img id="vehfqcy885m7hzm28p" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1224629431/photo/money-for-new-investment-opportunity.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=p3X4CCd7KKGes0saIwzeBABPnhG5cimbbmde1jGsvkc=" alt="Money for new investment opportunity" title="Money for new investment opportunity" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1224629431/photo/money-for-new-investment-opportunity.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=p3X4CCd7KKGes0saIwzeBABPnhG5cimbbmde1jGsvkc=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Key Challenges and Uncertainties</h3> While most businesses welcome efforts to reduce bureaucracy, some experts argue that simplifying sustainability reporting too much could have unintended consequences.1. Will Reduced Reporting Mean Less Accountability?One of the biggest concerns is whether reducing reporting requirements could lead to a decline in corporate accountability. Sustainability reporting was introduced to ensure companies take responsibility for their environmental and social impact, and any weakening of these rules could mean less transparency for investors, consumers, and regulators.For example, under the proposed changes, some mid-sized companies may no longer have to disclose detailed sustainability information, making it harder for investors to assess their environmental impact. This could be problematic at a time when there is growing pressure on businesses to demonstrate strong environmental, social, and governance (ESG) credentials.Furthermore, the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which aims to ensure companies take responsibility for human rights and environmental risks in their supply chains, may also see relaxed requirements. This raises concerns that companies might have less oversight of unethical or unsustainable practices within their supply chains, reducing accountability.&nbsp; 2. Could Supply Chain Transparency Be Weakened?One of the most challenging aspects of sustainability reporting is tracking the environmental and social impact of supply chains. Many European companies rely on global suppliers, making it difficult to ensure that materials and labour practices meet sustainability standards.If reporting obligations are reduced too much, businesses may struggle to verify their supply chain data accurately, leading to potential greenwashing—where companies make misleading claims about their sustainability efforts.At the same time, businesses argue that supply chain reporting needs to be practical and achievable. Smaller companies, in particular, have limited resources to track every supplier’s carbon footprint or ethical labour practices. The challenge for the EU is finding a middle ground that maintains transparency without placing an excessive burden on businesses.&nbsp; 3. The Impact on Investors and Consumer TrustSustainability reporting has become a key factor in investment decisions, with many investors looking for companies that can demonstrate strong ESG performance. However, some investors managing trillions of euros in assets have warned that loosening reporting rules could make it harder to assess which companies are genuinely committed to sustainability.There is also concern that consumer trust in sustainability claims could be undermined. Many consumers actively seek out businesses with strong environmental commitments, and weakening sustainability disclosures could lead to scepticism about whether companies are truly sustainable.At the same time, there is a growing investment gap in the EU’s sustainability agenda, with €800 billion per year needed to fund green transitions. If sustainability disclosures become less transparent, there is a risk that investors will struggle to direct funds towards truly sustainable projects, slowing down Europe’s progress towards its climate and sustainability goals.<figure id="figure-6l7n2rjyim7hzm82g"><img id="6l7n2rjyim7hzm82g" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2149789818/photo/solar-panel-house-roof-real-estate-100-banknotes-background.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=xoTO-ZUoc6YhSTrpeg5Lj6OcTuMZw-c35YhYG-1KmB8=" alt="Solar panel house roof real estate 100 banknotes background" title="Solar panel house roof real estate 100 banknotes background" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="null" data-positiony="null" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/2149789818/photo/solar-panel-house-roof-real-estate-100-banknotes-background.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=xoTO-ZUoc6YhSTrpeg5Lj6OcTuMZw-c35YhYG-1KmB8=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>What Do These Changes Mean for Businesses?</h3> The EU’s planned reforms offer businesses a mixed bag—less red tape but continued pressure to demonstrate sustainability. While reducing reporting obligations frees up time and resources, companies must still meet high expectations from investors, consumers, and regulators.For mid-sized firms, the proposed increase in reporting thresholds could mean escaping the complex and costly compliance currently affecting around 49,000 companies. This could save millions in administrative costs, allowing businesses to focus on real sustainability efforts rather than paperwork.However, scaling back reporting doesn’t mean businesses can relax. Investors are increasingly prioritising ESG performance, with over €6.6 trillion managed under sustainability criteria. Consumers, too, expect transparency, with 81% wanting companies to be open about their environmental impact. Failing to show strong sustainability leadership could mean losing investment, customer trust, and business opportunities.How Can Businesses Stay Ahead?To navigate these changes, companies should:1. Stay informed – Regulations are evolving, and businesses must be ready for future compliance shifts. 2. Invest in sustainability – Going beyond legal requirements can cut costs and enhance competitiveness. 3. Engage with investors and stakeholders – Clear communication builds trust and strengthens reputation. 4. Adopt voluntary standards – Many clients and supply chain partners will still require sustainability disclosures. A Strategic OpportunityWhile these reforms ease the compliance burden, sustainability expectations aren’t going away. Companies that proactively embrace sustainability will attract investment, strengthen their brand, and future-proof their business. The key isn’t just following regulations—it’s leading the way.<figure id="figure-3hghxului4m7i08ezu" class=""><img id="3hghxului4m7i08ezu" src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1673258162/photo/eu-flags-in-front-of-european-commission-european-union-flags.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=M39Ko3PPvW3mqVh0gXcaXavPQzRmEDNzdCfGzGsRHo4=" alt="EU Flags in front of European Commission European Union Flags" title="EU Flags in front of European Commission European Union Flags" class="object-cover bg-gray-100 " style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;" data-corners="default" data-aspect="16:9" data-caption="" data-positionx="undefined" data-positiony="undefined" data-fullwidth="false" data-mce-src="https://media.gettyimages.com/id/1673258162/photo/eu-flags-in-front-of-european-commission-european-union-flags.jpg?b=1&amp;s=2048x2048&amp;w=0&amp;k=20&amp;c=M39Ko3PPvW3mqVh0gXcaXavPQzRmEDNzdCfGzGsRHo4=" data-mce-style="aspect-ratio: 16/9; object-position: center center;"></figure><h3>Conclusion</h3> The EU’s sustainability reporting reforms aim to ease bureaucracy without weakening corporate accountability. For mid-sized businesses, fewer reporting requirements mean lower costs and more flexibility, allowing them to focus on genuine sustainability efforts rather than excessive paperwork.However, transparency expectations aren’t disappearing. Investors, regulators, and consumers still expect businesses to prove their ESG commitments, and those that fall behind risk losing investment and customer trust.Rather than just ticking compliance boxes, companies should stay proactive, engage with stakeholders, and adopt strong sustainability practices. Sustainability isn’t just about meeting regulations—it’s about future-proofing businesses, protecting reputations, and staying competitive in a rapidly evolving market. *By Anne Hayden MSc., Founder, The Informed Farmer Consultancy.

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